Search results for "Brain"
showing 10 items of 3997 documents
Improving neglect by TMS.
2006
Hemispatial neglect refers to the defective ability of patients to explore or act upon the side of space contralateral to the lesion and to attend to stimuli presented in that portion of space. Evidence from animal models suggests that many of the behavioural sequelae associated with visual neglect may result not solely from the size of the lesion, but also from a pathological state of increased inhibition exerted on the damaged hemisphere by the contralesional hemisphere. On the basis of these potential mechanisms underlying neglect, in this review we discuss therapeutic approaches, focusing particularly on recent research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This technique, besi…
THERAPEUTIC-LOADED LIPID NANOSTRUCTURES AND BRAIN DISEASES.
2012
Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases represent the largest and fastest growing area of unmet medical need since an alarming increase in brain disease incidence is going on. Despite major advances in neuroscience, many potential therapeutic agents are denied access to the CNS because of the existence of a physiological low permeable barrier, the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). To obtain an improvement of drug CNS performance, sophisticated approaches such as nanoparticulate systems are rapidly developing. In particular, in this chapter, the most recent data demonstrating the potential of lipid nanostructures, such as Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC), to tra…
Robustness of PET Radiomics Features: Impact of Co-Registration with MRI
2021
Radiomics holds great promise in the field of cancer management. However, the clinical application of radiomics has been hampered by uncertainty about the robustness of the features extracted from the images. Previous studies have reported that radiomics features are sensitive to changes in voxel size resampling and interpolation, image perturbation, or slice thickness. This study aims to observe the variability of positron emission tomography (PET) radiomics features under the impact of co-registration with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the difference percentage coefficient, and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient for three groups of images: (i) original PET, (ii) PET after co-…
Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Adult Reptilian Brain
2002
Evidence accumulated over the last few decades demonstrates that all reptiles examined thus far continue to add neurons at a high rate and in many regions of the adult brain. This so-called adult neurogenesis has been described in the olfactory bulbs, rostral forebrain, all cortical areas, anterior dorsal ventricular ridge, septum, striatum, nucleus sphericus, and cerebellum. The rate of neuronal production varies greatly among these brain areas. Moreover, striking differences in the rate and distribution of adult neurogenesis have been noted among species. In addition to producing new neurons in the adult brain, lizards, and possibly other reptiles as well, are capable of regenerating larg…
Selective Adhesion of Cells from Different Telencephalic Regions
1996
AbstractWe asked whether specification of different regions of the rodent and avian telencephalon during development involved the acquisition of differential adhesive properties. Cells from different regions were aggregated in a short-term aggregation assay, and their segregation was analyzed. Both neurons and precursor cells from cortex segregate from striatal cells at early, but not later, stages, whereas cells from rodent neocortex and hippocampus segregated only during later stages. Segregation was abolished when Ca2+-dependent but not Ca2+-independent adhesion molecules were selectively removed. Thus, selective adhesion appears to be a conserved mechanism that restricts cellular mixing…
Zinc accumulation in the telencephalon of lizards.
1987
The zinc concentration in the brains of two species of lizard was determined by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The zinc concentration was found to be highest in the telencephalon of Lacerta galloti (21.1 micrograms/g fresh weight) and Podarcis hispanica (16.77 +/- 0.8 micrograms/g) while the mesencephalon and brain stem exhibited lower zinc concentrations, i.e., 7.0 micrograms/g in Lacerta galloti and 6.08 +/- 0.4 micrograms/g in Podarcis hispanica. This high telencephalic concentration of zinc is paralleled by intense and well-defined Timm reactivity used for demonstrating the presence of zinc-containing boutons at the light-microscope level. Volumetric-densitometric studies of these…
Association of basal forebrain volumes and cognition in normal aging.
2013
The basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) is known to undergo moderate neurodegenerative alterations during normal aging and severe atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been suggested that functional and structural alterations of the BFCS mediate cognitive performance in normal aging and AD. But, it is still unclear to what extend age-associated cognitive decline can be related to BFCS in normal aging. We analyzed the relationship between BFCS volume and cognition using MRI and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery in a cohort of 43 healthy elderly subjects spanning the age range from 60 to 85 years. Most notably, we found significant associations between general intell…
Effect of arterial oxygen tension on cerebral blood flow at different levels of arterial PCO2.
1970
Die Wirkung des arteriellen O2-Partialdruckes auf die Durchblutung des Grosshirns, Kleinhirns und Hirnstammes bei normalen und erhohten CO2-Partialdrucken im arteriellen Blut wird an der anaesthesierten Katze untersucht. Die Wirkung des PaO2 ist von der Hohe des PaCO2 abhangig.
Telomere shortening and chromosomal instability abrogates proliferation of adult but not embryonic neural stem cells.
2004
Chromosome integrity is essential for cell viability and, therefore, highly proliferative cell types require active telomere elongation mechanisms to grow indefinitely. Consistently, deletion of telomerase activity in a genetically modified mouse strain results in growth impairments in all highly proliferative cell populations analyzed so far. We show that telomere attrition dramatically impairs the in vitro proliferation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of telomerase-deficient adult mice. Reduced proliferation of postnatal neurogenic progenitors was also observed in vivo, in the absence of exogenous mitogenic stimulation. Strikingly, severe telo…