Search results for "Brainstem"
showing 10 items of 111 documents
Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis. A case report
1992
A 33-year-old woman three weeks after a febrile illness presented with a syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia (SOAA) that characterizes clinically both Bickerstaff and Miller Fisher syndromes. The normality of the electrophysiological tests performed, the CSF findings and the magnetic resonance images proved that the syndrome stemmed from brainstem pathology.
Brainstem reflex circuits revisited
2004
Our current understanding of brainstem reflex physiology comes chiefly from the classic anatomical-functional correlation studies that traced the central circuits underlying brainstem reflexes and establishing reflex abnormalities as markers for specific areas of lesion. These studies nevertheless had the disadvantage of deriving from post-mortem findings in only a few patients. We developed a voxel-based model of the human brainstem designed to import and normalize MRIs, select groups of patients with or without a given dysfunction, compare their MRIs statistically, and construct three-plane maps showing the statistical probability of lesion. Using this method, we studied 180 patients with…
An Artificial Neural Network for 3D Localization of Brainstem Functional Lesions
2002
The human brainstem is a highly complex structure where even small lesions can give rise to a variety of symptoms and signs. Localizing the area of dysfunction within the brainstem is often a difficult task.To make localization easier, we have developed a neural net system, which uses 72 clinical and neurophysiological data inputs and displays it (using 5268 voxels) on a three-dimensional model of the human brainstem. The net was trained by means of a back-propagation algorithm, over a pool of 580 example-cases. Assessed on 200 test-cases, the net correctly localized 83.6% of the target voxels; furthermore the net correctly localized the lesion in 31/37 patients. Because our computer-assist…
The brainstem efferent acoustic chiasm in pigmented and albino rats
2015
Abstract The present study examined whether structural peculiarities in the brain-efferent pathway to the organ of Corti may underlie functional differences in hearing between pigmented and albino individuals of the same mammalian species. Pigmented Brown-Norway rats and albino Wistar rats received unilateral injections of an aqueous solution of the retrograde neuronal tracer Fluorogold (FG) into the scala tympani of the cochlea to identify olivocochlear neurons (OCN) in the brainstem superior olivary complex. After five days, brains were perfusion-fixed and brainstem sections were cut and analyzed with respect to retrogradely labeled neurons. Intrinsic neurons of the lateral system were lo…
Ocular tilt reaction: a clinical sign of cerebellar infarctions?
2009
Ocular tilt reaction (OTR) consists of head tilt, ocular torsion (OT), and skew deviation (SKD) combined with perceptual tilts such as deviations of the subjective visual vertical (SVV). Few case reports have shown that OTR also occurs in patients with cerebellar infarctions.1–4 However, no systematic clinical studies are available on the frequency of signs of OTR in patients with cerebellar lesions. Therefore, the questions arose as to whether OTR is a common clinical sign of an acute cerebellar lesion and whether the time course of its components is similar to those from brainstem infarctions. The cerebellar structures involved in 31 patients were studied in detail elsewhere.5 ### Methods…
Incidence and anatomy of gaze-evoked nystagmus in patients with cerebellar lesions.
2011
Background: Disorders of gaze-holding—organized by a neural network located in the brainstem or the cerebellum—may lead to nystagmus. Based on previous animal studies it was concluded that one key player of the cerebellar part of this gaze-holding neural network is the flocculus. Up to now, in humans there are no systematic studies in patients with cerebellar lesions examining one of the most common forms of nystagmus: gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN). The aim of our present study was to clarify which cerebellar structures are involved in the generation of GEN. Methods: Twenty-one patients with acute unilateral cerebellar stroke were analyzed by means of modern MRI-based voxel-wise lesion-behavi…
Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution
2012
Comparing brains is not a mere intellectual exercise but also helps to understand how the brain enables adaptive behavioral strategies to cope with an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during the phylogeny. For instance, comparative neurobiology helps understanding the specific features of our species, an issue that attracted scientists since the time of Santiago Ramon y Cajal. Following this tradition, 20 years ago Hans ten Donkelaar and Gerhard Roth started the European Conferences on Comparative Neurobiology (ECCN). This e-book includes some of the contributions to the last meeting, the sixth ECCN (Valencia, Spain; April 22-24 2010), plus selected works by severa…
Erratum to “Neuroproteomics in the auditory brainstem: Candidate proteins for ultrafast and precise information processing” [Mol. Cell. Neurosci. (64…
2015
Mapping of phenytoin-inducible cytochrome P450 immunoreactivity in the mouse central nervous system
1991
Abstract The distribution of phenytoin-inducible cytochrome P450 in non-treated mouse brain and spinal cord was analysed immunohistochemically using polyclonal antibodies against phenytoin-induced mouse cerebral microsomal P450. This P450 protein was proved in Ouchterlony [Volk B. et al. (1988) Neurosci. Lett. 84 , 219–224], Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses to be reactive to the specific antibodies and an IgG fraction raised against phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomal P450IIB1. The phenytoin-induced P450 is designated P450IIB1 * because immunologically it is comparable with P450IIB1; however, it has not yet been analysed for other characteristics of this enzyme. Immunoc…