Search results for "Bromo"

Chronic social stress inhibits cell proliferation in the adult medial prefrontal cortex: hemispheric asymmetry and reversal by fluoxetine treatment.

2006

Profound neuroplastic changes have been demonstrated in various limbic structures after chronic stress exposure and antidepressant treatment in animal models of mood disorders. Here, we examined in rats the effect of chronic social stress and concomitant antidepressant treatment on cell proliferation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We also examined possible hemispheric differences. Animals were subjected to 5 weeks of daily social defeat by an aggressive conspecific and received concomitant, daily, oral fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) during the last 4 weeks. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and quantitative stereological techniques were used to evaluate the treatment effects on proliferatio…

A population of prenatally generated cells in the rat paleocortex maintains an immature neuronal phenotype into adulthood.

2008

New neurons in the adult brain transiently express molecules related to neuronal development, such as the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule, or doublecortin (DCX). These molecules are also expressed by a cell population in the rat paleocortex layer II, whose origin, phenotype, and function are not clearly understood. We have classified most of these cells as a new cell type termed tangled cell. Some cells with the morphology of semilunar-pyramidal transitional neurons were also found among this population, as well as some scarce cells resembling semilunar, pyramidal. and fusiform neurons. We have found that none of these cells in layer II express markers of glial cells, m…

Lack of the Cell-Cycle Inhibitor p27Kip1 Results in Selective Increase of Transit-Amplifying Cells for Adult Neurogenesis

2002

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest germinal layer in the adult mammalian brain and comprises stem cells, transit-amplifying progenitors, and committed neuroblasts. Although the SVZ contains the highest concentration of dividing cells in the adult brain, the intracellular mechanisms controlling their proliferation have not been elucidated. We show here that loss of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 has very specific effects on a population of CNS progenitors responsible for adult neurogenesis. Using bromodeoxyuridine and [3H]thymidine incorporation to label cells in S phase and cell-specific markers and electron microscopy to identify distinct cell types, we compared th…

High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection in biological tissues of the 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin ester derivative of 5…

1985

Mildronate enhances learning/memory and changes hippocampal protein expression in trained rats.

2013

Previously we demonstrated that mildronate [3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate dihydrate], a representative of the aza-butyrobetaine class of compounds, protects mitochondrial metabolism under conditions such as ischemia. Mildronate also acted as a neuroprotective agent in an azidothymidine-induced mouse model of neurotoxicity, as well as in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. These observations suggest that mildronate may stimulate processes involved in cell survival and change expression of proteins involved in neurogenic processes. The present study investigated the influence of mildronate on learning and memory in the passive avoidance response (PAR) test and the active condition…

Properties of the microsomal and cytosolic glutathione transferases involved in hexachloro-1:3-butadiene conjugation

1989

Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) is a substrate for the hepatic microsomal glutathione transferases and is metabolised at higher rates by these enzymes than their cytosolic counterparts. Conjugation reactions catalysed by the microsomal and cytosolic transferases have been studied and characterized using this substrate and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). In rat liver microsomes the Km values for HCBD and CDNB were 0.91 and 0.012 mM and in cytosol 0.51 and 0.10 mM respectively. Vmax values for HCBD were 1.39 and 0.35 nmol conjugate formed/min/mg protein for microsomes and cytosol respectively. In microsomal systems HCBD was a potent competitive inhibitor of the metabolism of CDNB with a K…

Alterations in striatal neuropeptide mRNA produced by repeated administration of L-DOPA, ropinirole or bromocriptine correlate with dyskinesia induct…

2002

Chronic administration of L-DOPA to MPTP-treated common marmosets induces marked dyskinesia while repeated administration of equivalent antiparkisonian doses of ropinirole and bromocriptine produces only mild involuntary movements. The occurrence of dyskinesia has been associated with an altered balance between the direct and indirect striatal output pathways. Using in situ hybridisation histochemistry, we now compare the effects of these drug treatments on striatal preproenkephalin-A (PPE-A) and adenosine A(2a) receptor mRNA expression as markers of the indirect pathway and striatal preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNA and preproenkephalin-B (PPE-B, prodynorphin) mRNA expression as markers of the d…

Drinking water disinfection by-products during pregnancy and child neuropsychological development in the INMA Spanish cohort study.

2017

Background: Disinfection by-products (DBPs) constitute a complex mixture of prevalent chemicals in drinking water and there is evidence of neurotoxicity for some of them. Objectives: We evaluated the association between estimates of DBP exposure during pregnancy and child neuropsychological outcomes at 1 and 4–5 years of age. Methods: We conducted a population-based mother-child cohort study in Spain with recruitment at first trimester of gestation (INMA Project, 2003–2008). Neuropsychological development was measured at 1 year of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and at 4–5 years with the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Modeled tap water concentrations of trihalome…

Sevoflurane affects neurogenesis after forebrain ischemia in rats.

2007

BACKGROUND: The effect of sevoflurane on the neuroregenerative potential after neuronal injury is unclear. We investigated the effect of low and high concentrations of sevoflurane on endogenous neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Anesthetized and ventilated rats were randomized to four different treatment groups. Groups 1 and 2: 1.4% sevoflurane; Groups 3 and 4: 2.8% sevoflurane. In Groups 1 and 3, no cerebral ischemia was induced (sham-operated). In Groups 2 and 4, 10 min of forebrain ischemia was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion plus hemorrhagic hypotension. Physiological variables were maintained constant. Bromodeoxyuridine was given as a marker of neurogenesis. A…

Effects of a single-dose hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch on cerebral blood flow, long-term outcome, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival after c…

2012

The beneficial effects of hypertonic saline on neuronal survival and on cerebral blood flow have been shown in several animal models of global and focal brain ischemia. Because of the potential benefits of hypertonic solutions, it is hypothesized that hydroxyethyl starch enhances cerebral blood flow and improves long-term outcome after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an animal model.Laboratory animal study.University animal research laboratory.Fifty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats.Rats were randomized to receive either 7.2% saline/6% hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch (4 mL/kg) or vehicle (NaCl 0.9 %) after 9 mins of asphyxic cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscita…