Search results for "Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia"
showing 7 items of 17 documents
Correlation between neonatal outcomes of twins depends on the outcome : Secondary analysis of twelve randomised controlled trials
2018
ObjectiveTo estimate the magnitude of the correlation between neonatal outcomes of twins and demonstrate how this information can be used in the design of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in women with twin pregnancies.DesignSecondary analysis of data from 12 RCTs.SettingObstetric care in multiple countries, 2004-2012.Population or sample4504 twin pairs born to women who participated in RCTs to assess treatments given during pregnancy.MethodsIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated using log-binomial and linear models.Main outcome measuresPerinatal death, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular haemorrhage, necrotising enterocolitis, s…
Granulozytenfunktion bei Frühgeborenen ab der 34. Schwangerschaftswoche und bei reifen Neugeborenen
1999
BACKGROUND Preterm and term neonates have an increased risk to develop severe bacterial infections. Impairment of neutrophil function may be responsible for this increased risk. Other diseases related to prematurity like retinopathia of prematurity (ROP) or broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on the other hand may be due to poorly controlled O2-radical production. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood samples of 112 premature (34 weeks of gestation and older) and term neonates were analysed. Blood samples of 23 healthy adults (18 to 50 years old) served as controls. O2-radical production and phagocytosis of neutrophils were determined by flow cytometry, using a commercial test system. RESULTS Under the …
Antioxidants: Role in the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
2022
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the major causes of chronic respiratory diseases among infants. Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches have been proposed for its management. Since oxidative stress is known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of BPD, it is reasonable to consider the potential of antioxidant strategies in the prevention and treatment of this condition. Indeed, antioxidants can prevent or inhibit substrate oxidation. Some studies have evaluated the efficacy of the exogenous administration of vitamins and micronutrients in reducing the propagation of free radicals through their scavenging capacity. Nonetheless, encouraging preclinical results d…
Target oxygen levels in preterm neonates
2013
To achieve postnatal adaptation newly born infant need to aerate the lungs, reduce pulmonary vascular resistance, and initiate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. The cornerstone of newborn resuscitation resides therefore in the establishment of a functional residual capacity and an adequate oxygenation. Recent guidelines have established guidelines concerning oxygen supplementation in preterm infants in the delivery room (DR); however, they are vague and unspecific. Herewith, we will address available information regarding the use of oxygen supplementation in the DR in preterm infants to satisfactorily overcome postnatal adaptation. Introduction: Resuscitation of the newborn is considered …
Pulmonary hypertension in pediatrics. a feasible approach to bridge the gap between real world and guidelines
2019
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is quite infrequent in pediatric age and its most common etiologies include idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, PH related to congenital heart diseases, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease), persistence of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The developed for adult patients PH classification shows limitations when applied to pediatric subjects since the underlying causes are markedly different between the two ages. In 2011, the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute Panama Task Force outlined the first specific pediatric pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease diagnostic classification, including 10 main…
Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des respiratorischen Systems
2006
Positive pressure ventilation in children is associated with problems similar to those in the adults: development of atelectasis and barotrauma. During anesthesia atelectasis develop in up to 90% of patients, requiring the use of higher inspiratory pressure to recruit the collapsed lung regions. Especially in the preterm, newborn and younger infants, prolonged ventilation disturbs the anatomical structure of the soft and vulnerable immature airways and their subsequent growth and development, leading to tracheomegaly, tracheal collapse, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia and predisposing to bronchial obstruction. On the basis of pathophysiologic knowledge and studies of ventilation in children,…
Rapid systematic review shows that using a high-flow nasal cannula is inferior to nasal continuous positive airway pressure as first-line support in …
2017
Aim We reviewed using a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) as first-line support for preterm neonates with, or at risk of, respiratory distress. Methods This rapid systematic review covered biomedical databases up to June 2017. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English. The reference lists of the studies and relevant reviews we included were also screened. We performed the study selection, data extraction, study quality assessment, meta-analysis and quality of evidence assessment following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Results Pooled results from six RCTs covering 1227 neonates showed moderate-quality evidence that HFNC …