Search results for "Budget"

Les Républicains au Congrès

2015

En 1994, les Républicains élus à la Chambre des représentants promettaient une révolution conservatrice qui devait réduire laplace de l’État fédéral dans la société américaine. Vingt ans plus tard, ce livre dresse le bilan législatif de la longue période de domination républicaine sur la colline du Capitole pour s’interroger sur la portée de la révolution annoncée. En étudiant notamment l’impact des élus du GOP sur la politique budgétaire et les réformes, adoptées ou avortées, de l’État-Provi- dence américain, on observe un écart spectaculaire entre les paroles et les actes. Comment expliquer cet échec relatif de la révolution conservatrice? Quels obstacles éle…

Analyse économique des essais cliniques internationaux en cancérologie

2018

International audience; In oncology, as in other fields of medicine, international multicentre clinical trials came into being so as to include a sufficient number of subjects to investigate a clinical situation. The existence of tight budgetary constraints and the desire to make the best use of the resources available have resulted in the development of economic evaluations associated with these trials, which, thanks to their level of evidence and their size, provide particularly relevant material. Nonetheless, economic evaluations alongside international clinical trials raise specific questions of methodology with regard to both the design and the analysis of the results. Indeed, the cost…

An integrated approach for high spatial resolution mapping of water and carbon fluxes using multi-sensor satellite data

2012

In the last years, modeling of surface processes - such as water, energy and carbon budgets, as well as vegetation growth- seems to be focused on integrated approaches that combine aspects of hydrology, biology and meteorology into unified analyses. In this context, remotely sensed data often have a core role due to the cross-cutting impact of this novel source of spatially distributed information on all these research areas. However, several applications - such as drought monitoring, yield forecasting and crop management - require spatially detailed products at sub-field scales, which can be obtained only with support of adequately fine resolution remote sensing data (< 100 m). In particul…

Approximate Algorithm for Fast Capacity Provisioning in WANs with Trade-Off between Performance and Cost under Budget Constraint

2014

Due to the emergence of Software Defined Networking (SDN) with the idea of centralized control over computer networks, the Capacity and Flow Assignment Problem (CFA) may be approached in a classical non-distributed fashion in real-life scenarios. The question arises whether a heuristical approach to this NP-complete problem is of any use in practice.

OFN Capital Budgeting Under Uncertainty and Risk

2017

The aim of this chapter is to propose a new approach to incorporating uncertainty into capital budgeting. The chapter presents methods that can be used by an investor when the decision maker wants to be able to make an investment decision where there are alternative investment projects. This kind of problem is undertaken under the conditions of uncertainty and risk using Ordered Fuzzy Numbers (OFN). The starting point is the concept of Ordered Fuzzy Numbers. The chapter illustrates the implementation of the proposed approach with an example where two alternative investment projects are analyzed. The authors present the capital budgeting problem using a numerical example. The described metho…

The necessary integration between public management approaches and democratic participatory processes. The case of #ontinyentparticipa

2016

Este artículo tiene por objeto el estudio de #OntinyentParticipa, un proceso político innovador enmarcado en los presupuestos participativos de la localidad valenciana de Ontinyent (España). Describiremos el dispositivo y su contextualización, y analizaremos el papel desempeñado por colectivos, movimientos vecinales y asociaciones implicadas. Además, se tendrá en cuenta la intervención de la administración pública como actor principal del proceso participativo. Para abordar las relaciones entre ciudadanía, Administración y sus enfoques teóricos, se utilizará la tradición del republicanismo contemporáneo con su énfasis en consolidar una democracia más participativa e inclusiva. This article …

Power allocation for two-cell two-user joint transmission

2012

In this paper, we develop a power allocation scheme for the downlink of a two-cell two-user joint transmission system. The objective is to maximize the sum rate under per-cell power constraints. We study a worst case scenario where the carrier phases between the two base stations are un-synchronized, so that joint transmission must be performed without precoding. The derived power allocation scheme is remarkably simple, i.e., each cell transmits with full power to only one user. Note that joint transmission is still possible, when two cells select the same user for data transmission. Moreover, we prove that, in this scenario, the joint transmission case happens with higher probability when …

Le budget fédéral de l'ère Obama : politique de la chaise vide ou de la caisse vide ?

2013

National audience; Dans le contexte actuel, la politique fiscale américaine paraît briller par son absence. Il s'agit d'un objet scientifique qui doit être reconstruit à partir de bribes législatives souvent contradictoires. Il convient donc d'étudier les difficultés institutionnelles aiguës qui mettent à mal la capacité du pouvoir législatif et exécutif de planifier, contrôler et ordonner la dépense publique. On peut ensuite faire ré-émerger de cet ensemble disparate une trajectoire générale et ainsi comprendre comment, derrière l'apparent dysfonctionnement généralisé, l'État fédéral américain continue de fonctionner.

La 'Falaise fiscale': plus dure sera la chute? 

2013

Exact and Approximate Algorithms for Two–Criteria Topological Design Problem of WAN with Budget and Delay Constraints

2004

This paper studies the problem of designing wide area networks (WAN). In the paper the two-criteria topology assignment problem with two constraints is considered. The goal is select flow routes, channel capacities and network topology in order to minimize the total average delay per packet and the leasing cost of channels subject to the budget constraint and delay constraint. The problem is NP-complete. Then, the branch and bound method is used to construct the exact algorithm. Also the approximate algorithm is presented. Some computational results are reported. Based on computational experiments, several properties of the considered problem are formulated.