Search results for "CAP"
showing 10 items of 8832 documents
Impact of VP1-Specific Protein Sequence Motifs on Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Intracellular Trafficking and Nuclear Entry
2012
ABSTRACT Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) has gained much interest as a gene delivery vector. A hallmark of AAV2-mediated gene transfer is an intracellular conformational change of the virus capsid, leading to the exposure of infection-relevant protein domains. These protein domains, which are located on the N-terminal portion of the structural proteins VP1 and VP2, include a catalytic phospholipase A 2 domain and three clusters of basic amino acids. We have identified additional protein sequence motifs located on the VP1/2 N terminus that also proved to be obligatory for virus infectivity. These motifs include signals that are known to be involved in protein interaction, endosomal sort…
Papillomavirus assembly requires trimerization of the major capsid protein by disulfides between two highly conserved cysteines.
1998
ABSTRACT We have used viruslike particles (VLPs) of human papillomaviruses to study the structure and assembly of the viral capsid. We demonstrate that mutation of either of two highly conserved cysteines of the major capsid protein L1 to serine completely prevents the assembly of VLPs but not of capsomers, whereas mutation of all other cysteines leaves VLP assembly unaffected. These two cysteines form intercapsomeric disulfides yielding an L1 trimer. Trimerization comprises about half of the L1 molecules in VLPs but all L1 molecules in complete virions. We suggest that trimerization of L1 is indispensable for the stabilization of intercapsomeric contacts in papillomavirus capsids.
Lipid Binding Controls Dimerization of the Coat Protein p24 Transmembrane Helix
2019
Abstract Coat protein (COP) I and COP II complexes are involved in the transport of proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells. The formation of COP I/II complexes at membrane surfaces is an early step in vesicle formation and is mastered by p24, a type I transmembrane protein. Oligomerization of p24 monomers was suggested to be mediated and/or stabilized via interactions within the transmembrane domain, and the p24 transmembrane helix appears to selectively bind a single sphingomyelin C18:0 molecule. Furthermore, a potential cholesterol-binding sequence has also been predicted in the p24 transmembrane domain. Thus, sphingomyelin and/or cholestero…
Evaluation of HBs, HBc, and frCP virus-like particles for expression of human papillomavirus 16 E7 oncoprotein epitopes.
2002
<i>Objectives:</i> In an attempt to develop virus-like particles (VLPs) as experimental vaccine against human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced tumours, the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein epitopes spanning amino acid (aa) residues 35–98 were expressed on three proteins capable of VLP formation: hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface (HBs) and core (HBc) antigens, and RNA phage fr coats (frCP). <i>Methods:</i> The profile of immunoglobulin isotypes induced in Balb/C mice after immunization with purified chimeric proteins was studied. <i>Results:</i> The HBs*-E7(35–54) protein expressing E7 residues 35–54 between residues 139 and 142 of the HBs carrier formed HBs-like particles…
Pseudovirions as Specific Tools for Investigation of Virus Interactions With Cells
2004
This chapter outlines the generation and application of human papillomavirus type 33 (HPV33) pseudovirions. The method describes (1) the construction of vaccinia viruses recombinant for the major and minor HPV capsid proteins, L1 and L2, respectively; (2) the transfection of Cos7 cells with a marker plasmid replicating to high copy numbers; (3) the expression of L1 and L2 using the vaccinia virus expression system; (4) the extraction, purification, and analysis of HPV33 pseudovirions; and (5) their use in pseudoinfection assays. These pseudovirions are structurally indistinguishable from native virions and are therefore valuable tools for the study of papillomavirus-cell interactions. The m…
The Influence of the Lotus Flower Theme on the Perception Perception of Contemporary Urban Architecture
2021
We live in the visual culture times, when images continuously and daily are transferring some information. A visual message is also an indispensable element of architecture, in the semantic layer as an aesthetic value, sometimes fulfilling a narrative function by means of a symbol, which is an international visual code. Most of the symbols, hidden in painting, sculpture, or architecture, are elements of nature. The article discusses examples of architecture whose form is based on a lotus flower. Unification of urban landscapes leads to a decrease in the value of aesthetic impressions; therefore, the unique architecture builds the unique identity of the place.
Hungarian private linguistic landscape in South-West Slovakia
2014
In the field of Linguistic Landscape research little attention has been paid to the situations where a minoritized group gives the regional majority, such as South-‐West Slovakia where Hungarians form the majority. A clear majority of public signs, also in the region with a Hungarian majority, are only in Slovak, especially in the ‘official’, public sphere. In rural communities, signs posted by private citizens can be relatively frequent, too. In the truly non-‐ commercial private sphere, minorities have autonomy in public language choice. I present the local practices and interpretations of the private linguistic landscape in two ‘Hungarian’ villages in South-‐West Slovakia in the light…
A Moldvai Csángómagyar Oktatási Program kutatása és támogatása vizuális módszerekkel
2018
A Moldvai Csángómagyar Oktatási Program kutatása és támogatása egy több éves (2016– 2021), a Finn Akadémia által támogatott projekt (projektszáma, 299133), amelynek anyaga 30 moldvai településen folyatatott, 2017–2019 között végzett terepmunkából áll. A terepmunka szakaszai során számos vizuális és digitális módszertani eljárás is bevezetésre kerül, s az ezek segítségével készített anyagokból nagy terjedelmű, multimodális adatbázis jön létre. Cikkemben néhány, eddig sikeresnek bizonyult módszert mutatok be, különös tekintettel arra, hogy ezek segítségével hogyan válaszolhatók meg a kutatási kérdéseim. A kötet témájához igazodva kutatásomnak a nyelvitájkép-kutatások között elfoglalt helyét i…
Regional Farmers’ Perception and Societal Issues in Vineyards Affected by High Erosion Rates
2021
We explore the current situation in a viticultural region in Eastern Spain from a holistic and multifaceted research approach, which allowed us to understand the biophysical conditions, economic cost, social impact, and perception of the farmers’ community to the use of catch crops. A survey of the perception of the farmers, and an assessment of the biophysical impact of catch crops (CC) and tillage (C = Control plot) on soil organic matter, bulk density, infiltration capacity (single ring infiltrometer), and runoff generation and soil erosion (rainfall simulation experiments) was carried out. Two representative fields as study sites were selected in Les Alcusses valley, within Els Alforins…