Search results for "CARBONATE"

showing 10 items of 920 documents

Nonresonant Spectral Hole Burning in the Slow Dielectric Response of Supercooled Liquids

1996

Large-amplitude, low-frequency electric fields can be used to burn spectral holes in the dielectric response of supercooled propylene carbonate and glycerol. This ability to selectively modify the dielectric response establishes that the non-Debye behavior results from a distribution of relaxation times. Refilling of the spectral hole was consistent with a single recovery time that coincided with the peak in the distribution. Moreover, refilling occurred without significant broadening, which indicates negligible direct exchange between the degrees of freedom that responded to the field. Nonresonant spectral hole burning facilitates direct investigation of the intrinsic response of systems t…

PermittivityMultidisciplinaryField (physics)Oscillationbusiness.industryRelaxation (NMR)Molecular physicschemistry.chemical_compoundOpticschemistryElectric fieldPropylene carbonateSpectral hole burningDielectric lossbusinessScience
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Fe–Mn-encrusted “Kamenitza” and associated features in the Jurassic of Monte Kumeta (Sicily): subaerial and/or submarine dissolution?

2000

Abstract An unusually jagged dissolution surface, capped by a thick Fe–Mn crust is well exposed in small quarry-cuts of the Jurassic of Monte Kumeta. It was formed on a crinoidal limestone substrate of Pliensbachian age, and is covered by Upper Bajocian Ammonitico Rosso-type sediments, all cross-cut by several generations of neptunian dykes. This peculiar surface is more or less coeval with hardgrounds, Fe–Mn-capped dissolution surfaces and associated neptunian dykes described from other localities of the Western Tethys and currently subject to fierce debates as to their purely submarine (or perhaps partly subaerial) origin. The major goal of this paper is to add new arguments to this debat…

PetrographySedimentary depositional environmentPaleontologyTectonicsRiftStratigraphySubaerialGeologyCrustCarbonate hardgroundsDissolutionGeologySedimentary Geology
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Dissolution Process: When Does the Process Start

2019

Dissolution process is a complex phenomenon controlled by several factors as like lithology, porosity, stress orientation, environmental conditions and networks of fractures. Then, fault zone and fractures play an important role in fluid circulation and in dissolution, acting as barriers or conduits. In fact, the fault zone has a high permeability only in the early stages of the movement, but shortly the process of recrystallization and reprecipitation reduces the permeability greatly within them. Despite this, traditionally (Cucchi and Forti in In Att. e Mem. Comm. Grotte “E: Boegan” 87–93, 1988; Bini et al. in Varese Lake and the Quaternary 6:3–14, 1993; Ferrarese and Meneghel in Aspetti …

PetrographygeographyPermeability (earth sciences)geography.geographical_feature_categoryLithologyStyloliteGeochemistryCarbonate rockAquiferKarstGroundwaterGeology
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Are morphology and composition of gallstones related? An x-ray diffraction study

1994

Abstract An x-ray diffractometric technique was used to study the crystalline composition of gallstones removed during surgery from 106 patients. Monohydrate cholesterol was found in the stones of 70 (66%) patients, either alone (33%) or in association with calcium salts (33%). The anhydrous form of cholesterol was found in the stones of 28 (26%) patients, either alone (10%) or in association with calcium salts (16%). These salts (vaterite, aragonite, and calcite) were found in 50% of cases in varying amounts (from 12% to 15% of the stone weight). Eight stones contained no cholesterol: 4 showed an amorphous pattern and 4 were composed of calcium carbonate salts. In 7 of 8 patients with bile…

PharmacologyCalcitemedicine.medical_specialtyBile ductbusiness.industryCholesterolAragoniteGallstonesengineering.materialGallbladder Stonemedicine.diseaseSurgerychemistry.chemical_compoundmedicine.anatomical_structureCalcium carbonatechemistryVateriteengineeringmedicinePharmacology (medical)businessNuclear chemistryCurrent Therapeutic Research
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Bestimmung der Eiweissbindung von Pharmaka in bikarbonatgepufferten Lösungen

1970

A gel filtration method is described for quantitative estimation of protein binding of drugs at 37 °C and pH 7.4 in solutions containing bicarbonate buffer.

PharmacologyCellular and Molecular Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundChromatographychemistryBicarbonateSize-exclusion chromatographyMolecular MedicineCell BiologyMolecular BiologyBuffer (optical fiber)Experientia
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Organic carbonates as alternative solvents for asymmetric hydrogenation

2009

Organic carbonates like propylene carbonate (PC) or butylene carbonate (BC) belong to the class of aprotic, highly dipolar solvents (AHD). Interestingly, their potential as solvents for asymmetric catalysis has been overlooked for a long time. The aim of this work is to evaluate organic carbonates and other organic solvents like THF, CH2Cl2, and acetonitrile as well as members of the AHD-family (DMF, DMSO, etc.) as media for homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation. For this reason cationic Rh-complexes based on chiral phosphine ligands were tested in the hydrogenation of typical benchmark substrates. In several trials, significant advantages of organic carbonates were found. In contrast to DMS…

PharmacologyGreen chemistryChemistryOrganic ChemistryAsymmetric hydrogenationEnantioselective synthesisGreen Chemistry TechnologyStereoisomerismCatalysisSubstrate SpecificityAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundCarbonic AcidDrug DiscoveryPropylene carbonateSolventsOrganic chemistryRhodiumHydrogenationOrganic ChemicalsSolvent effectsAcetonitrileChirality (chemistry)SpectroscopyPhosphineChirality
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Distribution of rare earth elements in marine sediments from the Strait of Sicily (western Mediterranean Sea): Evidence of phosphogypsum waste contam…

2010

Concentrations of rare earth elements (REE), Y, Th and Sc were recently determined in marine sediments collected using a box corer along two onshore–offshore transects located in the Strait of Sicily (Mediterranean Sea). The REE + Y were enriched in offshore fine-grained sediments where clay minerals are abundant, whereas the REE + Y contents were lower in onshore coarse-grained sediments with high carbonate fractions. Considering this distribution trend, the onshore sediments in front of the southwestern Sicilian coast represent an anomaly with high REE + Y concentrations (mean value 163.4 lg g 1) associated to high Th concentrations (mean value 7.9 lg g 1). Plot of shale-normalized REE + …

Phosphogypsum contaminationGeologic SedimentsPhosphogypsumFractionationAquatic ScienceOceanographyCalcium SulfateMarine sedimentschemistry.chemical_compoundMediterranean seaMediterranean SeaSeawaterTransectRare earth elementsRare earth elements Marine sediments Phosphogypsum contamination Strait of SicilyPhosphorusPollutionlanguage.human_languageSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E VulcanologiaStrait of SicilyOceanographychemistrylanguageBox corerCarbonateMetals Rare EarthClay mineralsSicilianWater Pollutants ChemicalGeologyEnvironmental MonitoringMarine Pollution Bulletin
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Frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy operation by imaging at the frequency shift minimum: the dip-df mode.

2014

In frequency modulated non-contact atomic force microscopy, the change of the cantilever frequency (Delta f) is used as the input signal for the topography feedback loop. Around the Delta f(z) minimum, however, stable feedback operation is challenging using a standard proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback design due to the change of sign in the slope. When operated under liquid conditions, it is furthermore difficult to address the attractive interaction regime due to its often moderate peakedness. Additionally, the Delta f signal level changes severely with time in this environment due to drift of the cantilever frequency f(0) and, thus, requires constant adjustment. Here, we pre…

PhysicsCantileverbusiness.industrySurface PropertiesPID controllerAbsolute valueDerivativeFeedback loopModels TheoreticalMicroscopy Atomic Force530SignalCalcium CarbonateSetpointOpticsbusinessConstant (mathematics)InstrumentationThe Review of scientific instruments
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An evaluation of inoceramid single-prism sclerochronology

2020

Abstract Inoceramid prisms are among the most common microfossils that can be found in Late Cretaceous strata. Since these biomineral units were formed by sequential accretion in the outer shell layer of the bivalves, they potentially serve as archives of short-term (circa-annual) paleowater temperature fluctuations. In the present study, we tested to what extent intra-prismatic stable isotope variations of individual inoceramid prisms reflect sub-annual δ13C and the δ18O patterns. We obtained multiple carbonate samples from prisms recovered from the sediment and from a cross-sectioned inoceramid shell fragment and compared data from these samples to data from classical sclerochronological …

Platyceramusbiologyδ18OStable isotope ratioPaleontologyMineralogyOceanographybiology.organism_classificationIsotopes of oxygenchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryIsotopes of carbonSclerochronologyCarbonatePrismEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsGeologyEarth-Surface ProcessesPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
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The structure of western Sicily, central Mediterranean

2002

Western Sicily is part of the Sicilian chain, a sector of the SE-verging Alpine orogenic belt in the central Mediterranean. Interpretation of seismic reflection profiles, boreholes and recent inland geological data, have enabled us to assess the deep structural grain. A wedge of flat-lying Mesozoic–Miocene carbonate and terrigenous rocks (pre-Panormide nappes) is superimposed on NW-trending, 7–8 km thick, Mesozoic–Paleogene carbonate thrust ramps (Trapanese units), arranged in two structural levels extending from the Tyrrhenian coast to western offshore Sicily. Upper Miocene to Pleistocene terrigenous strata, often deformed, fill syntectonic basins above the thrust pile. The main tectonic t…

PleistoceneTerrigenous sedimentCarbonate platformGeologyLate MioceneTranspressionNappeAllochthonPaleontologychemistry.chemical_compoundFuel TechnologychemistryGeochemistry and PetrologyEarth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)CarbonateEconomic GeologyGeology
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