Search results for "CB"
showing 10 items of 647 documents
Protective activation of the endocannabinoid system during ischemia in dopamine neurons
2006
Endocannabinoids act as neuroprotective molecules promptly released in response to pathological stimuli. Hence, they may represent one component of protection and/or repair mechanisms mobilized by dopamine (DA) neurons under ischemia. Here, we show that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) plays a key role in protecting DA neurons from ischemia-induced altered spontaneous activity both in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, neuroprotection can be elicited through moderate cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) activation. Conversely, blockade of endocannabinoid actions through CB1 receptor antagonism worsens the outcome of transient ischemia on DA neuronal activity. These findings indi…
Endocannabinoids render exploratory behaviour largely independent of the test aversiveness: role of glutamatergic transmission.
2009
To investigate the impact of averseness, controllability and familiarity of a test situation on the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of exploratory behaviour, we tested conventional and conditional cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1)-deficient mice in behavioural paradigms with different emotional load, which depended on the strength of illumination and the ability of the animals to avoid the light stimulus. Complete CB1 null-mutant mice (Total-CB1-KO) showed an anxiogenic-like phenotype under circumstances where they were able to avoid the bright light such as the elevated plus-maze and the light/dark avoidance task. Conditional mutant mice lacking CB1 expression s…
Reduced anxiety-like behaviour induced by genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (…
2007
Anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, referred to as endocannabinoids (eCBs), are the endogenous agonists for the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). Several pieces of evidence support a role for eCBs in the attenuation of anxiety-related behaviours, although the precise mechanism has remained uncertain. The fatty acid amid hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme responsible for the degradation of eCBs, has emerged as a promising target for anxiety-related disorders, since FAAH inhibitors are able to increase the levels of anandamide and thereby induce anxiolytic-like effects in rodents. The present study adopted both genetic and pharmacological approaches and tested the hypothesis that FAAH-deficient…
Genetic dissection of the role of cannabinoid type-1 receptors in the emotional consequences of repeated social stress in mice.
2012
International audience; The endocannabinoid system (ECS) tightly controls emotional responses to acute aversive stimuli. Repeated stress alters ECS activity but the role played by the ECS in the emotional consequences of repeated stress has not been investigated in detail. This study used social defeat stress, together with pharmacology and genetics to examine the role of cannabinoid type-1 (CB(1)) receptors on repeated stress-induced emotional alterations. Seven daily social defeat sessions increased water (but not food) intake, sucrose preference, anxiety, cued fear expression, and adrenal weight in C57BL/6N mice. The first and the last social stress sessions triggered immediate brain reg…
A restricted population of CB1 cannabinoid receptors with neuroprotective activity.
2014
The CB1 cannabinoid receptor, the main molecular target of endocannabinoids and cannabis active components, is the most abundant G protein-coupled receptor in the mammalian brain. Of note, CB1 receptors are expressed at the synapses of two opposing (i.e., GABAergic/inhibitory and glutamatergic/excitatory) neuronal populations, so the activation of one and/or another receptor population may conceivably evoke different effects. Despite the widely reported neuroprotective activity of the CB1 receptor in animal models, the precise pathophysiological relevance of those two CB1 receptor pools in neurodegenerative processes is unknown. Here, we first induced excitotoxic damage in the mouse brain b…
A runner’s high depends on cannabinoid receptors in mice
2015
Exercise is rewarding, and long-distance runners have described a runner's high as a sudden pleasant feeling of euphoria, anxiolysis, sedation, and analgesia. A popular belief has been that endogenous endorphins mediate these beneficial effects. However, running exercise increases blood levels of both β-endorphin (an opioid) and anandamide (an endocannabinoid). Using a combination of pharmacologic, molecular genetic, and behavioral studies in mice, we demonstrate that cannabinoid receptors mediate acute anxiolysis and analgesia after running. We show that anxiolysis depends on intact cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) receptors on forebrain GABAergic neurons and pain reduction on activation of pe…
Cannabinoid modulation of hippocampal long-term memory is mediated by mTOR signaling.
2009
Cognitive impairment is one of the most important negative consequences associated with cannabis consumption. We found that CB1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) activation transiently modulated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K pathway and the protein synthesis machinery in the mouse hippocampus, which correlated with the amnesic properties of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In addition, non-amnesic doses of either the mTOR blocker rapamycin or the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin abrogated the amnesic-like effects of THC, pointing to a mechanism involving new protein synthesis. Moreover, using pharmacological and genetic tools, we found that THC long-term memory deficits …
Changes in dimension of neurovascular canals in the mandible and maxilla: A radiographic finding in patients diagnosed with MRONJ.
2017
Background The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the morphological features of neurovascular canals and foramina of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) and healthy individuals by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods The CBCT images of 58 patients under bisphosphonate therapy diagnosed with MRONJ and age gender- matched controls were retrospectively evaluated. The diameter of mandibular and nasopalatine canal and mandibular, mental and lingual foramina were measured on several sections of CBCT. The value of mental index (MI) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) were also assessed. Results The mean value of diametric meas…
Beneficial effects of dithiothreitol on relative levels of glutathione S-transferase activity and thiols in oocytes, and cell number, DNA fragmentati…
2006
We analyzed the effect of in vitro aging of mouse oocytes in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) on relative levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and thiols in oocytes, and cell number, DNA fragmentation and cellular allocation to the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) lineage at the blastocyst stage. Ovulated oocytes from gonadotropin primed hybrid female mice of 6-8 weeks of age were aged in vitro in the presence of 0, 5, 50, or 500 microM DTT for 6 hr prior to insemination. Relative levels of GST activity and thiols in oocytes were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, DNA fragmentation using a single-step TUNEL method, and cell allocation to the ICM …
A novel serine/threonine kinase gene, STK33 , on human chromosome 11p15.3
2001
Human chromosomal region 11p15 is known to be associated with several diseases including predispositions to develop various tumor types. In search of candidate genes, a novel human kinase gene is described, STK33, which codes for a serine/threonine protein kinase. The gene was discovered by comparative genome analysis of human chromosome 11p15.3 and its orthologous region on distal mouse chromosome 7. Human STK33 gene contains 12 exons as has been determined by the comparison to the full-length transcript amplified from human uterus RNA. Transcripts are found in a variety of tissues in at least two alternatively spliced forms as revealed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, c…