Search results for "CCO"
showing 10 items of 4678 documents
Agricultural crop exposure and risk of childhood cancer: new findings from a case–control study in Spain
2016
Background Childhood cancer is the main cause of disease-related death in children in Spain. Although little is known about the etiology, environmental factors are potential explanations for a fraction of the cases. Previous studies have shown pesticides to be associated with childhood cancer. The difficulty of collecting personal environmental exposure data is an important limitation; this lack of information about pesticides motivates the development of new methods to subrogate this exposure. We developed a crop exposure index based on geographic information to study the relationship between exposure to different types of crops and risk of childhood tumors. Methods We conducted a populati…
The carbon count of 2000 years of rice cultivation.
2013
More than 50% of the world's population feeds on rice. Soils used for rice production are mostly managed under submerged conditions (paddy soils). This management, which favors carbon sequestration, potentially decouples surface from subsurface carbon cycling. The objective of this study was to elucidate the long-term rates of carbon accrual in surface and subsurface soil horizons relative to those of soils under nonpaddy management. We assessed changes in total soil organic as well as of inorganic carbon stocks along a 2000-year chronosequence of soils under paddy and adjacent nonpaddy management in the Yangtze delta, China. The initial organic carbon accumulation phase lasts much longer a…
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Reliability of the Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) to the Spanish Adolescent Population
2021
The prevalence of back pain (BP) among children and adolescents has increased over recent years. Some authors advocate promoting back-health education in the school setting. It is therefore important to adopt a uniform suite of assessment instruments to measure the various constructs. The present study aimed to perform a cultural adaptation of a validated measurement instrument (BackPEI), beginning with a translation and cultural adaptation phase, followed by a second phase to test reliability using a test-retest design. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed based on the guidelines. Reliability was tested by applying the questionnaire to 224 secondary school students,…
Orthographic depth and its impact on universal predictors of reading: a cross-language investigation
2010
Alphabetic orthographies differ in the transparency of their letter-sound mappings, with English orthography being less transparent than other alphabetic scripts. The outlier status of English has led scientists to question the generality of findings based on English-language studies. We investigated the role of phonological awareness, memory, vocabulary, rapid naming, and nonverbal intelligence in reading performance across five languages lying at differing positions along a transparency continuum (Finnish, Hungarian, Dutch, Portuguese, and French). Results from a sample of 1,265 children in Grade 2 showed that phonological awareness was the main factor associated with reading performance…
Value congruence in health care priority setting: social values, institutions and decisions in three countries
2014
AbstractMost developed democracies have faced the challenge of priority setting in health care by setting up specialized agencies to take decisions on which medical services to include in public health baskets. Under the influence of Daniels and Sabin’s seminal work on the topic, agencies increasingly aim to fulfil criteria of procedural justice, such as accountability and transparency. We assume, however, that the institutional design of agencies also and necessarily reflects substantial value judgments on the respective weight of distributive principles such as efficiency, need and equality. The public acceptance of prioritization decisions, and eventually of the health care system at lar…
Which is the best communication strategy, based on anti-tobacco ads, to impress teenagers? A multicenter cross-sectional study
2020
Background. Well-planned mass-media campaigns can increase health literacy and raise awareness about the consequences of tobacco use. This study aims to evaluate the emotions and opinions of adolescents about several anti-tobacco spots delivered by the mass media over the world. Study design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. The study was conducted in Italy in 2016–2017 among students aged 13–17 years. Students expressed their emotions and opinions about seven anti-tobacco spots from all over the world on different topics and styles. Results. 499 students attended. The video “Sponge” was found to be the most impressive (30.2%) and what they would have chosen if they had been responsible for …
Expert musical reading is supported by activation of harmony rules during cross-modal integration
2017
International audience; Multisensory integration of musical information is an important process in music reading. Integrate many sensory inputs (visual, auditory, motor) into a coherent pathway emerges during development of musical skill. We hypothesize that more skilled musicians can retrieve information across auditory and visual modalities, activating harmony rules as retrieval cues. The aim of the present research is to investigate this issue using the eye-tracking technique. Musicians (experts and non-experts) were asked to detect as fast as possible a modified note between listening and reading phases. Randomized fragments of classical music were sequentially versus simultaneously dis…
Bitcoin in the Scientific Literature – A Bibliometric Study
2019
Abstract Since 2012, there has been growing interest in bitcoin scientific research from different fields, including computer science and engineering, economics, business and finance, law and regulatory. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate bitcoin literature based on the structures and networks of science, as a first step in the research of this new phenomenon. Analysing the growing scientific literature on bitcoin published between 2012 and 2019, we provided useful insights on academic research in this field regarding publication year, type and category, authors, journals and citations. The source of the 887 documents which support the study was Web of Science Core Collection. Using V…
Cryptocurrencies in the Light of Money Definitions
2020
Purpose: The aim of the article is to attempt to assess the phenomenon of digital currencies through the prism of existing money definitions as well as to determine to what extent the existing definitions of money are able to answer the question whether private decentralized digital currencies are money in the traditional sense or are they a completely new phenomenon that cannot be put in the framework of previous definitions of money. Design/methodology/approach: This study provides a critical literature review of the cryptocurrency’s definitions in comparison to traditional money definition. The literature review was intended to determine whether bitcoin could be treated as money. Finding…
Cryptocurrency Perception Within Countries: A Comparative Analysis
2020
Purpose: The paper explores the differences between countries concerning perception and use of traditional and virtual money. We try to answer the question who uses virtual money for investment and building assets and who uses it just for Internet payments. The background of the analysis are significant changes that have taken place in the virtual money market in recent years in relation to changes in the global financial market. Design/methodology/approach: A pilot study was conducted in Poland, the Russian Federation, and China, which is supposed to be an introduction to the bigger and wider survey. It was conducted within December 2019 and January 2020 with 81 surveyed persons. These wer…