Search results for "CD"

Increased numbers of CD4 and CD8 positive T lymphocytes with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio in patients with high grade CIN lesions

2016

Therapeutic dosages of oral or transdermal estradiol did not modify sCD40L levels in postmenopausal women.

2008

The CD40/CD40L system is considered a crucial modulator of the inflammatory process underlying the progression and complication of atheroma plaques. The soluble fraction of CD40L (sCD40L) is a reliable indicator of the CD40/CD40L system. Our purpose was to investigate whether a therapeutic dose of estradiol, by either the oral or the transdermal route, was associated with changes in circulating levels of sCD40L. Forty-seven women completed a 4-week course of treatment with either oral estradiol valerate (2 mg/day, 20 women) or transdermal estradiol (50 microg/day, 27 women). Serum levels of sCD40L were measured by conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oral, but not transdermal est…

Control of ovarian steroidogenesis in insects: A locust neurohormone is active in vitro on blowfly ovaries

2009

0016-6480 doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.034; Ovarian steroidogenesis controlling insect reproduction is mainly regulated by brain gonadotropins liberated from corpora cardiaca (CC). Till now, different neurohormones have been identified in two insect groups only, locusts and mosquitoes, and it is unknown whether they could be active in other insects. In order to complete previous observations on the control of ovarian steroidogenesis in the blowfly, Phormia regina, we examined whether neuropeptides isolated from locust CC have an effect in vitro on ovarian steroidogenesis in our dipteran model. Our experiments showed that crude extracts from locust CC efficiently stimulated steroidogene…

Cyclic AMP-dependent and independent stimulations of ovarian steroidogenesis by brain factors in the blowfly, Phormia regina.

2000

0303-7207 doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00312-9; The involvement of cyclic-AMP (cAMP) as a potential second messenger in the neurohormonal control of ovarian steroidogenesis was investigated in the adult female blowfly Phormia regina. Individual measurements of ovarian cAMP concentrations and of ovarian biosynthesis of ecdysteroids, stimulated after a protein meal, demonstrated that steroidogenesis is preceded by a peak of cAMP in the ovaries. In vitro, ovarian steroidogenesis was stimulated by cell-permeable analogues of cAMP and by forskolin. Crude brain extracts were also able to elicit a rise of cAMP in the ovaries in vitro and the secretion of ecdysteroids into the medium: such extra…

The ecdysone-induced DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor coordinates growth and maturation in Drosophila

2005

0092-8674 (Print) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; A critical determinant of insect body size is the time at which the larva stops feeding and initiates wandering in preparation for metamorphosis. No genes have been identified that regulate growth by contributing to this key developmental decision to terminate feeding. We show here that mutations in the DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor result in larvae that precociously leave the food to form premature prepupae, resulting in abbreviated larval development that translates directly into smaller and lighter animals. In addition, we show that DHR4 plays a central role in the genetic cascades triggered by the steroid hormone ecdyson…

Diflubenzuron-Induced alterations during in vitro development ofTenebrio molitor pupal integument

1987

The effects of diflubenzuron (DFB) in Tenebrio molitor pupae were first investigated on cuticle secretion induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone in vitro. The sternal integuments were treated by DFB either 3 days before culture or during culture. DFB, when applied before culture, did not prevent the molting hormone from inducing a new cuticle deposition by integument explants in vitro. However, this cuticle showed several architectural alterations and a thickness reduction. When applied during the culture in the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone, DFB at high dose (≥ 20 μg/ml) was able to inhibit cuticle secretion, but lower doses (⩽ 10 μg/ml) resulted in epicuticle deposition. These observations confir…

Alternative sites for ecdysteroid production in insects

1990

Summary Several evidences have been obtained in various insect species demonstrating that, besides prothoracic glands and ovaries, other tissues could be alternative sites of moulting hormone production. After a detailed review on the various methods of investigation and criteria required to validate such observations, the nature of these sites, namely oenocytes, epidermis and testes, is discussed. Their possible involvement in moulting and/or reproduction is analyzed, giving the opportunity to put forward several new hypotheses. In particular, autocrine and paracrine secretions of ecdysteroids could play a role in localized developmental events, more difficult to control from endocrine gla…

Pathophysiology of polymorphonuclear leukocyte in arterial hypertension

2009

This review shows how polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) play a pivotal role in the development of the organ injury that is associated with arterial hypertension. Elevated white blood cell count and higher levels of PMNs activation are risk factors for arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Spontaneously activated PMNs release proinflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species, which have negative effects on vascular tone and on their adhesion to the endothelium. The oxidative stress in hypertensive PMNs is revealed by increased NADPH-oxidase production and lipid peroxidation and by decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase concentrations. The overexpression of…

European evidence based consensus for endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease.

2013

Endoscopy plays an essential role in the diagnosis, management, prognosis, and surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but surprisingly there are few available guidelines.1,2 This prompted the ECCO Guidelines Committee (GuiCom) members to promote a Consensus on the appropriate indication and application of different endoscopic modalities in IBD. Since the development of guidelines is an expensive and time-consuming process, this Consensus may help to avoid duplication of effort in the future. It may also identify issues where the evidence is lacking and controlled studies are awaited. The strategy to reach the Consensus involved five steps: 1. Two members of the GuiCom (VA and RE)…

Correlation of cognition and FDG-PET findings in early multiple sclerosis

2007

Introduction: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), disease history of 11.5 years, an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) up to 6.0 and an involvement of verbal and/or spatial and long-term memory showed a bilateral reduction of glucose metabolism in the cingulate gyrus, thalamus, associative occipital cortex and cerebellum. To our knowledge no similar studies in early stages of MS are reported. Therefore we stressed the question of possible correlation of quality of life, objective cognitive impairment and FDG-PET findings in newly diagnosed definite MS according to McDonald criteria. Methods: In 11 patients (f=4, m=7, mean age: 35 years (CI 25–42), IQ 112 (CI 97–118)) with newly diag…