Search results for "CELLULAR"

Microbial dolomite associated to gypsum stromatolites from a Messinian marginal section, Madonie mountains, Sicily.

2009

Extracellular vesicles from CS fluid are possible biomarkers of multiple sclerosis disease status

2018

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease and several researches have been focused on identifying molecular biomarkers that could reflect its heterogeneous clinical course and determine the best treatment option for patients. Some studies identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) in both the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and also in blood samples of patients affected by inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases and multiple sclerosis. To monitor the disease onset and its progression we compared the amount of CSF-EVs and their surface markers in subjects affected by either MS or other neurological disorders correlating the EVs with clinical indicators of MS disease severity. EVs isolated by u…

Effect of extracellular vesicles from CSF of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls on astrocytes in culture

2017

INTRODUCTION Secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV-mediated exchange of molecules among brain cells, under physiological conditions, has been described years ago. At the same time, ability of EVs to transfer proteins and nucleic acids to the surrounding cells, thus modifying their phenotypes, has been clearly demonstrated for tumor cells of different origins, including brain cancers. More recently, involvement of EVs in pathological processes affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS), and their capacity of transferring damaging cargoes have been also suggested. To explore these functions, we exposed primary cultures of astrocytes to EVs isolated from cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) …

Paracrine roles of extracellular vesicles released by mouse mesoangioblasts

2017

Extracellular vesicles (EV) represent an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication and are involved in both autocrine and paracrine signaling, with a critical role in a number of physiological and pathological conditions.1 The bioactive molecules contained within EV simultaneously activate several different pathways resulting in the synergistic stimulation of target cells. The discovery and characterization of EV have added a novel understanding to regenerative medicine, namely the finding that stem cells are an abundant source of EV.1-2 A6 mouse mesoangioblasts, vessel-associated multipotent progenitor stem cells that are capable of differentiating into different mesodermal cell typ…

SHEDDING OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FROM BRAIN CELLS

2006

Systems level approach reveals the correlation of endoderm differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells with specific microstructural cues of fibrin…

2014

Stem cells receive numerous cues from their associated substrate that help to govern their behaviour. However, identification of influential substrate characteristics poses difficulties because of their complex nature. In this study, we developed an integrated experimental and systems level modelling approach to investigate and identify specific substrate features influencing differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) on a model fibrous substrate, fibrin. We synthesized a range of fibrin gels by varying fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations, which led to a range of substrate stiffness and microstructure. mESCs were cultured on each of these gels, and characterization of the diff…

The Fibronectin RGD and synergy sites function in integrin interaction

2018

Fibronectin (FN) is a large glycoprotein component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). It presents two forms: soluble in plasma or insoluble (fibrillar) within the ECM surrounding the cells in tissues. FN is one of the most important proteins in the ECM, it directly mediates cell adhesion, and therefore is essential for several biological processes such as embryonic development or blood clotting. Its involvement in these processes relay in its interaction with the cellular receptors integrins. The major binding site for integrins in FN is the so-called RGD site located in the 10th FN type III repeat (FNIII10), which is recognized by a5b1, aIIbb3 and all the av-containing integrins. Additiona…

Varieties Generated by Certain Models of Reversible Finite Automata

2006

Reversible finite automata with halting states (RFA) were first considered by Ambainis and Freivalds to facilitate the research of Kondacs-Watrous quantum finite automata. In this paper we consider some of the algebraic properties of RFA, namely the varieties these automata generate. Consequently, we obtain a characterization of the boolean closure of the classes of languages recognized by these models.

Impact of the flame retardant 2,2'4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) in THP-1 macrophage-like cell function via small extracellular vesicles

2023

2,2’4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) is one of the most widespread environmental brominated flame-retardant congeners which has also been detected in animal and human tissues. Several studies have reported the effects of PBDEs on different health issues, including neurobehavioral and developmental disorders, reproductive health, and alterations of thyroid function. Much less is known about its immunotoxicity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects that treatment of THP-1 macrophage-like cells with PBDE-47 could have on the content of small extracellular vesicles’ (sEVs) microRNA (miRNA) cargo and their downstream effects on bystander macrophages. To achieve this, we puri…

Chronic neural probe for simultaneous recording of single-unit, multi-unit, and local field potential activity from multiple brain sites

2017

Drug resistant focal epilepsy can be treated by resecting the epileptic focus requiring a precise focus localisation using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) probes. As commercial SEEG probes offer only a limited spatial resolution, probes of higher channel count and design freedom enabling the incorporation of macro and microelectrodes would help increasing spatial resolution and thus open new perspectives for investigating mechanisms underlying focal epilepsy and its treatment. This work describes a new fabrication process for SEEG probes with materials and dimensions similar to clinical probes enabling recording single neuron activity at high spatial resolution.Polyimide is used as a bi…