Search results for "CHEMOKINE"

Mouse langerhans cells differentially express an activated T cell-attracting CC chemokine.

1999

Epidermal Langerhans cells represent an immature population of dendritic cells, not yet able to prime naive T cells. Following in vitro culture Langerhans cells mature into potent immunostimulatory cells. We constructed a representative cDNA library of in vitro matured murine Langerhans cells. Applying a differential screening procedure 112 differentially expressed cDNA clones were isolated. Thirty-six clones represented cDNA fragments of the same gene, identifying it to be the most actively expressed gene induced in maturing Langerhans cells. A full-length cDNA was sequenced completely. The open reading frame codes for a protein of 92 amino acids containing a leader peptide of 24 amino aci…

Hormonal and embryonic regulation of chemokines IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES in the human endometrium during the window of implantation.

2002

Chemokines are a family of small polypeptides which specialize in the attraction of leukocytes. The presence of specific leukocyte subsets at the implantation site is an important element of the complex, and not completely understood, process of embryonic implantation. This report includes the investigation of the in-vivo immunolocalization and hormonal regulation of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) in the human endometrium during hormone replacement therapy cycles for oocyte recipients in an IVF programme. In addition, we have analysed the embryonic regulation of these endometrial epithelial…

Elevated serum eotaxin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

2002

OBJECTIVE: Eotaxin is a recently characterized chemokine with potent and selective chemotactic activity for eosinophils. Previous studies indicating that eosinophils accumulate and become activated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) led us to hypothesize that eotaxin is potentially involved in the pathophysiology of IBD and, therefore, that eotaxin would be increased in the serum of patients with IBD. The objective of this study was to test those assumptions. METHODS: We investigated 72 patients with IBD, 35 with ulcerative colitis, and 37 with Crohn’s disease. A total of 27 patients had active and 45 inactive disease; 26 were receiving corticosteroids. Eotaxin serum levels were determined…

Nanog Regulates Primordial Germ Cell Migration Through Cxcr4b

2010

Abstract Gonadal development in vertebrates depends on the early determination of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and their correct migration to the sites where the gonads develop. Several genes have been implicated in PGC specification and migration in vertebrates. Additionally, some of the genes associated with pluripotency, such as Oct4 and Nanog, are expressed in PGCs and gonads, suggesting a role for these genes in maintaining pluripotency of the germ lineage, which may be considered the only cell type that perpetually maintains stemness properties. Here, we report that medaka Nanog (Ol-Nanog) is expressed in the developing PGCs. Depletion of Ol-Nanog protein causes aberrant migration of …

Early steps in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)–Vibrio vulnificus interaction in the gills: Role of the RtxA13 toxin

2015

Vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic gram-negative bacterium that causes a systemic disease in eels called warm-water vibriosis. Natural disease occurs via water born infection; bacteria attach to the gills (the main portal of entry) and spread to the internal organs through the bloodstream, provoking host death by haemorrhagic septicaemia. V.vulnificus produces a toxin called RtxA13 that hypothetically interferes with the eel immune system facilitating bacterial invasion and subsequent death by septic shock. The aim of this work was to study the early steps of warm-water vibriosis by analysing the expression of three marker mRNA transcripts related to pathogen recognition (tlr2 and tlr5) and in…

Differential diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection and acute rejection by serum CC-Chemokine measurement after orthotopic liver transplantation

2003

Uterine rejection after allogeneic uterus transplantation in the rat is effectively suppressed by tacrolimus

2013

Objective To evaluate the effects of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus on rejection of a transplanted uterus and on uterine expression of markers of inflammation and implantation. Design Experimental study. Setting University laboratory. Animal(s) Female rats. Intervention(s) Uteri from brown Norway rats were transplanted to Lewis rats, receiving either tacrolimus or no treatment. Sham groups underwent either hemihysterectomy or tacrolimus treatment. Main Outcome Measure(s) Gross morphology, histology, density of T-lymphocytes by immunohistochemistry, and mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), galectin-1, CD200, IL-15, interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), a…

The viral chemokine MCK-2 of murine cytomegalovirus promotes infection as part of a gH/gL/MCK-2 complex.

2013

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) forms two gH/gL glycoprotein complexes, gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/pUL(128,130,131A), which determine the tropism, the entry pathways and the mode of spread of the virus. For murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), which serves as a model for HCMV, a gH/gL/gO complex functionally homologous to the HCMV gH/gL/gO complex has been described. Knock-out of MCMV gO does impair, but not abolish, virus spread indicating that also MCMV might form an alternative gH/gL complex. Here, we show that the MCMV CC chemokine MCK-2 forms a complex with the glycoprotein gH, a complex which is incorporated into the virion. We could additionally show that mutants lacking both, gO and MCK-2 are not ab…

Differentiation of Effector/Memory Vδ2 T Cells and Migratory Routes in Lymph Nodes or Inflammatory Sites

2003

Vδ2 T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens without presentation by MHC molecules and mount both immediate effector functions and memory responses after microbial infection. However, how Vδ2 T cells mediate different facets of a memory response remains unknown. Here, we show that the expression of CD45RA and CD27 antigens defines four subsets of human Vδ2 T cells with distinctive compartmentalization routes. Naive CD45RA+CD27+ and memory CD45RA−CD27+ cells express lymph node homing receptors, abound in lymph nodes, and lack immediate effector functions. Conversely, memory CD45RA−CD27− and terminally differentiated CD45RA+CD27− cells, which express receptors for homing to inflamed tissu…

Immunosenescence, inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease

2012

Abstract Ageing impacts negatively on the development of the immune system and its ability to fight pathogens. Progressive changes in the T-cell and B-cell systems over the lifespan of individuals have a major impact on the capacity to respond to immune challenges. The cumulative age-associated changes in immune competence are termed immunosenescence that is characterized by changes where adaptive immunity deteriorates, while innate immunity is largely conserved or even upregulated with age. On the other hand, ageing is also characterized by “inflamm-ageing”, a term coined to explain the inflammation commonly present in many age-associated diseases. It is believed that immune inflammatory p…