Search results for "CIRRHOSIS"

The long-term natural history of focal confluent fibrosis in cirrhotic liver: a CT serial analysis.

2006

X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis

2021

Background & aims: Genome-wide association studies in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have failed to find X chromosome (chrX) variants associated with the disease. Here, we specifically explore the chrX contribution to PBC, a sexually dimorphic complex autoimmune disease. Methods: We performed a chrX-wide association study, including genotype data from 5 genome-wide association studies (from Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Japan; 5244 case patients and 11,875 control individuals). Results: Single-marker association analyses found approximately 100 loci displaying P < 5 × 10-4, with the most significant being a signal within the OTUD5 gene (rs3027490; P = 4.80 × 10-6; odds…

Ultrasonographic and radionuclide detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotics with low alpha-fetoprotein levels

1984

A total of 67 cirrhotic patients with clinically suspected neoplastic degeneration and low alpha-fetoprotein levels were assessed prospectively with ultrasound and gold (198Au) scintigraphy. Ultrasound showed space-occupying lesions in 22 of the 24 patients who had a final diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (sensitivity, 95.8%) and excluded the presence of HCC in 37 of the 43 patients with cirrhosis only (specificity, 86.0%; efficiency, 90.8%). Scintigraphy demonstrated a cold defect in 22 of the 24 patients who had a final diagnosis of HCC (sensitivity, 95.8%) and excluded the presence of HCC in 22 of the 43 patients with cirrhosis only (specificity, 51.1%; efficiency, 69.8%). It …

Prioritization of high-cost new drugs for HCV: making sustainability ethical

2016

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. Chronic HCV infection may in the long run cause cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma, with an ultimate disease burden of at least 350,000 deaths per year worldwide. The new generation of highly effective direct acting antivirals (DAA) to treat HCV infection brings major promises to infected patients in terms of exceedingly high rates of sustained virological response (SVR) but also of tolerability, allowing even the sickest patients to be treated. Even in the face of the excellent safety and efficacy and wide theoretical applicability of these regimens, their introduction is currently facing cos…

Th17 cells regulate liver fibrosis by targeting multiple cell types: many birds with one stone.

2012

Brain core temperature of patients before and after orthotopic liver transplantation assessed by diffusion weighted imaging thermometry

2018

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References

Cirrhosis: CT and MR imaging evaluation.

2007

In this article, we present the CT and MR imaging characteristics of the cirrhotic liver. We describe the altered liver morphology in different forms of viral, alcoholic and autoimmune end-stage liver disease. We present the spectrum of imaging findings in portal hypertension, such as splenomegaly, ascites and varices. We describe the patchy and lacelike patterns of fibrosis, along with the focal confluent form. The process of hepatocarcinogenesis is detailed, from regenerative to dysplastic nodules to overt hepatocellular carcinoma. Different types of non-neoplastic focal liver lesions occurring in the cirrhotic liver are discussed, including arterially enhancing nodules, hemangiomas and p…

Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria: Independent Roles and Crosstalk in Fatty Liver Diseases and Hepatic Inflammation.

2015

Proper function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is essential for cellular homeostasis and the regulation of metabolic pathways. Perturbation of their function has been linked to pathophysiological states, including metabolic and liver diseases. Fatty liver diseases are a major health problem whose prevalence is dramatically increasing, may be induced by several factors (mainly chronic alcohol consumption, drugs or metabolic alterations), and share common features as lipid deposition, inflammation, oxidative stress and progression to more severe clinical stages, such as fibrosis, cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Besides their independent contributions to metabol…

Interferon alfa–induced sarcoidosis resolving without drug withdrawal

2016

Sarcoidosis is an uncommon systemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin affecting lung, skin, liver, and other tissues. Noncaseating granulomas in the involved organs are the hallmark of this disease. An exaggerated immune response to an unknown antigenic stimulus could play a role in sarcoidosis development. Lung is one of the most frequently involved organs.1 Manifestations range from alveolitis to granulomatous infiltration of alveoli, bronchi, and blood vessels. The end stage of lung sarcoidosis is development of interstitial fibrosis with “honeycombing” of lung parenchyma. Interferon alfa in association with ribavirin is the treatment of choice for hepatitis C. Early treatment of a…

Pharmacological Therapy of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Drugs Are Available Now and Future Perspectives

2019

The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease as well as the first cause of liver transplantation. NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and this is the most important reason why it is extremely difficult to treat this disease bearing in mind the enormous amount of interrelationships between the liver and other systems in maintaining the metabolic health. The treatment of NAFLD is a key point to prevent NASH progression to advanced fibrosis, to prevent cirrhosis and to prevent the development of its hepatic complications (such as liver decompensation and HCC) and even extrahepatic one. A part of the we…