Search results for "CIRRHOSIS"
showing 10 items of 964 documents
Forecasting Hepatitis C liver disease burden on real-life data. Does the hidden iceberg matter to reach the elimination goals?
2018
Abstract Background & Aims Advances in direct‐acting antiviral treatment of HCV have reinvigorated public health initiatives aimed at identifying affected individuals. We evaluated the possible impact of only diagnosed and linked‐to‐care individuals on overall HCV burden estimates and identified a possible strategy to achieve the WHO targets by 2030. Methods Using a modelling approach grounded in Italian real‐life data of diagnosed and treated patients, different linkage‐to‐care scenarios were built to evaluate potential strategies in achieving the HCV elimination goals. Results Under the 40% linked‐to‐care scenario, viraemic burden would decline (60%); however, eligible patients to treat w…
Studies of malformation syndromes of man XIB: the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of zellweger: Comparative pathology
1976
A study of 11 autopsied cases of the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger (ZS) is reported. All cases had severe, persistent congenital hypotonia, hepatic lobular disarray, renal cortical cysts and pulmonary hypoplasia. Many had cardiovascular malformations, hepatomegaly, cerebral cortical gyral maldevelopment and pancreatic islet hyperplasia. Additional, less frequent findings are delineated. Results of iron content studies of hepatic and renal tissues are related to age of survival and possible development of fibrosis.
Employment of vasopressin receptor antagonists in management of hyponatraemia and volume overload in some clinical conditions
2015
Summary What is known and objective Hyponatraemia, the most common electrolyte imbalance occurring in hospitalized subjects, is usually classified as hypovolaemic, euvolaemic or hypervolaemic. Hyponatraemia is a predictor of death among subjects with chronic heart failure and cirrhosis. The inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone (AVP) seems to be of pivotal importance in the decline of serum sodium concentration in these clinical conditions. The objective of this review was to summarize recent progress in management of hyponatraemia in SIADH, cirrhosis and heart failure. Methods Literature searches were conducted on the topics of hyponatraemia and vasopressin receptor antagonis…
Recent progress and new trends in the treatment of hepatitis B
2002
The annual rate of progression to cirrhosis in patients with chronic HBV is 0.4 to 14.2% and that of death 4 to 10%. HCC risk increases in parallel with the severity and duration of infection, with an annual incidence less than 0.5% in carriers and 6% in patients with cirrhosis. The main aim of antiviral therapy for chronic "wild-type" HBV infection is to suppress viral replication before cirrhosis and HCC develop. Two drugs are approved: IFN alpha and lamivudine. IFN alpha is costly, has a narrow range of efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Lamivudine is active, cheaper, and better tolerated but has limited efficacy, being associated with increasing resistance and loss of clinical response…
Chronic hepatitis B: Do we know everything or is there still something to learn?
2009
Chronic hepatitis B is a dynamic process with different phases. The progression of liver damage is related to time of infection, linked to the persistence of viral replication, and based on the virus–host interaction. [1]. The course of liver disease can be modified by virological events related to the kinetics of HBV replication and influenced by the host immune system. Knowledge of the natural history of HBV infection and of its viral replication mechanisms suggest the treatment end points and guide the choice of antiviral drugs [2–4]. The key points for the management of chronic hepatitis Ba re: Evaluation of viral status (HBeAg positive or HBeAg negative), staging of liver disease (chro…
Immune Reactions in Liver Diseases
1983
Chronic hepatitis is a heterogeneous syndrome with different underlying etiologies. Viruses (hepatitis B virus, non-A, non-B viruses), drugs and even alcohol are regarded as etiological agents. A further subgroup is autoimmune-type chronic hepatitis in which an immunogenetic predisposition is of major importance. Primary biliary cirrhosis has to be separated from these subgroups of chronic hepatitis.
Persistent expression of hepatitis C virus genome in primary tumor and adrenal metastasis of a hepatocellular carcinoma developed in a non-cirrhotic …
1996
To the Editor: There is increasing evidence that chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients seronegative for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg). In western countries, HCCs occur in anti-HCV positive patients mostly in association with cirrhosis, which can be considered as a precancerous condition (1). However, there are rare cases of HCC that were found in anti-HCV positive patients without pre-existing liver cirrhosis (2). We report here the detection of HCV RNA in a primary HCC derived from an HCV-infected patient with a non-cirrhotic liver and its persistent expression in an adrenal metastasis that developed…
Critical reappraisal of risk factors for occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus.
2011
More than one and half of current cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in the US, Europe, and Japan are attributable to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV is also the primary cause of death in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis, with annual incidences of 0.5%-5% in Europe and 4%-10% in Asia. Screening is based on serum alpha-fetoprotein determination and liver ultrasound scan, but the sensitivity of the former is far less than optimal, and screening intervals are still poorly defined for the latter. Risk factors related to the host or environment, or both, appear to be more relevant than viral factors, such as HCV genotype, in determining disease progression to cirrhosis and cancer, and i…
Adefovir for lamivudine resistant HBV: More than meets the eye
2007
– In patients with LAM resistance and high levels of HBV-DNA, especially if HBeAg positive, it may be difficult to obtain a strong virological suppression with ADV. – Restrictive criteria are needed to define virological response (HBV-DNA < 10 3 copies/ml or 200 IU/ml). – Early finding of non-response or of suboptimal response after 9–12 months of ADV therapy suggests a high risk of emergence of ADV-resistant strains and should prompt a change of treatment strategy. In patients with cirrhosis, due to the risk of liver failure, treatment changes should be considered even earlier, at 3–6 months.
The long-term course of chronic hepatitis B
1999
The aim of this study was to assess the long-term outcome in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients according to HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) replication, focusing on survival, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A cohort of 302 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive subjects (mean age, 34 +/- 15.3 years; male/female 214/88; 39 subjects under 14 years) with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis (86 with cirrhosis) was prospectively assessed, with a median follow-up of 94 +/- 37.6 months. One hundred nine patients received interferon alfa (IFN). At baseline, 86 subjects (28.5%) were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive (wild-type HBV), 80 (26.…