Search results for "CIT"

High-sensitivity study of levels in 30Al following β decay of 30Mg

2016

Agricultural potential of anaerobically digested industrial orange waste with and without aerobic posttreatment

2012

The potential of anaerobically digested orange waste with (AAD) and without (AD) aerobic post-treatment for use in agriculture was evaluated through chemical analyses, short-term phytotoxicity and long-term plant assays. Chemical analyses showed that AD contained ammonia and organic acids, and aerobic post-treatment did not significantly remove these phytotoxins. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio in AD was 1:0.26:0.96 and aerobic post-treatment did not change the composition in AAD except for K2O (1:0.26:1.24). Heavy metal contents in AD and AAD were more or less the same and were below the upper limit recommended for non-sewage sludge application on agricultural soils. Short-term phytotoxicity tests sh…

Performance of an asymmetric and asynchronous decode-and-forward FBMC relay system

2014

End-to-end link performance of an asymmetric and asynchronous dual-hop decode-and-forward (DF) relay system built up using a causal multirate filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) technique operated under Rayleigh fading is presented. Three main performance measures namely bit error rate (BER), outage probability and channel capacity are used for this evaluation and approximate closed-form expressions for them are also made available. FBMC setup is modeled in exact form without any approximations while customizing to one of the most efficient subcarrier filter. Simulations are carried out in quasi-static multipath fading channels under symmetric, asymmetric, synchronous and asynchronous condition…

Design of a Cleaning Program for a PV Plant Based on Analysis of Energy Losses

2015

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has grown significantly over the past few years. However, despite the increase in installed capacity, this energy source still raises important concerns related to the variability of power production. The short-term effects such as cloud shadowing and supply interruptions, as well as long-term effects such as dust accumulation, seasonal variation, and ageing of PV modules, can cause variability of power production. Therefore, the analysis of all the variability sources in order to provide statistically consistent power production data is an important challenge. This study presents a methodology to analyze data from a PV plant in order to have an independent ev…

Crystal Structures and Density Functional Theory Calculations of o-and p-Nitroaniline Derivatives: Combined Effect of Hydrogen Bonding and aromatic i…

2013

The interplay of strong and weak hydrogen bonds, dipole–dipole interactions, and aromatic interactions of o- and p-nitroaniline derivatives was studied by combining crystal structure analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Crystal structures of four 2-nitroaniline derivatives, 2-((2-nitrophenyl)amino)ethyl methanesulfonate (1A), 2-((2-nitrophenyl)amino)ethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (2A), N,N′-((1,3-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(2-nitroaniline) (3A), and N-(2-chloroethyl)-2-nitroaniline (4A), and crystal structures of three 4-nitroaniline derivatives, 2-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)ethyl methanesulfonate (1B), 2-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)ethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (…

Does innovativeness reduce startup survival rates?

2015

There are two competing hypotheses explaining how innovativeness influences the survival of startups: On the one hand, innovativeness is argued to foster survival-enhancing attributes (e.g., market power and cost efficiency) and capabilities (e.g., absorptive capacity). On the other hand, an innovative startup faces (and bears the associated risks of) liabilities of newness and smallness that exceed those of its non-innovative counterparts. The available empirical literature addressing this theoretical tension mostly supports the former hypothesis; we suggest that this finding is, in part, driven by the common practice of employing an ex post measure that already embodies a degree of succes…

Reciprocal commitment in academic careers? : Finnish implications and international trends

2016

This study explores the nature of reciprocal commitment in academic careers. The article is based on a survey conducted in autumn 2013 among fixed-term employees at eight major universities in Finland (N = 810). The analysis is focusing on researchers who have a doctoral degree and who are working on a fixed-term contract at their university (n = 308). According to our study, researchers experience their working conditions are insecure and many of them have considered leaving their universities. Despite the fact that they find their work meaningful their uncertain and poor working conditions are related to their thoughts of leaving the university. In addition in many of the cases leaving th…

Growth Into Citizenship: Framework for Conceptualizing Learning in NGO Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018

This article develops a theoretical framework for analyzing adult learning in projects aiming to strengthen citizenship implemented by nongovernmental organizations, especially in the contexts of sub-Saharan Africa. On the basis of a review of international development research, we suggest that a new framework should address the need for a conceptualization of learning as a gradual process and for capturing the gap between ideal models and everyday experiences of citizenship. We argue, building on John Dewey’s philosophy, for a framework of growth into citizenship, and introduce the notions of learning as reorganization of habits and the method of democracy as an avenue for learning as nove…

The Rocky Road of Growing into Contemporary Citizenship: Dewey, Gramsci, and the Method of Democracy

2015

Characterized by globalization, increasing pluralism, and new complexities of citizenship, the contemporary world poses challenges to the ways in which we conceptualize of the processes of searching for shared solutions to ever-complicated social problems. While the political rhetoric emphasizes the value of citizens’ participation, engagement, and “voices,” there are increasing feelings of frustration, incapacity, and disinterest on behalf of the citizens regarding the supposed eff ects of their political engagement. In order to conceptually grasp the problem of searching for shared solutions and the related challenges to education, we draw on John Dewey’s idea of the method of democracy a…

Industrial Citizenship, Cosmopolitanism and European Integration

2014

Abstract. There has been an explosion of interest in the idea of European Union citizenship in recent years, as a defining example of postnational cosmopolitan citizenship potentially replacing, or at least layered on top of national citizenships. We argue this form of EU citizenship undermines industrial citizenship, which is a crucial support for the egalitarianism and social solidarity on which other types of citizenship are based. Because industrial citizenship arises from collectivities based in class identities and national institutions, it depends on the nation state erritorial order and the social closure inherent in this. EU citizenship in its current ‘postnational’ form is realize…