Search results for "CLASSIFICATION"

Benefits of tiotropium/olodaterol compared with tiotropium in patients receiving COPD LAMA at baseline: pooled analysis of 4 clinical trials

2020

CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors and Aggression

2016

Abstract The relation between the use of cannabis and violent behavior is controversial, partly owing to the complexity of the concept of aggression and variability among the studies performed. The primary psychoactive compound of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, acts on G-protein-coupled receptors such as the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor, the most important of the endocannabinoid system. Although historically suspected of instigating aggressive behaviors, the findings of research about cannabis use in humans are mixed. While cannabis intoxication seems to reduce the likelihood of violence, mounting evidence associates withdrawal with an increase in aggression. Acute or chronic canna…

Activities of angiotensin-converting enzymes ACE1 and ACE2 and inhibition by bioactive peptides in porcine ocular tissues.

2009

An active local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has recently been found in the human eye. The aim of the present study was to compare the activities of central RAS enzymes (ACE1 and 2) in porcine ocular tissues, morphologically and physiologically close to the human eye. In addition, the effects of three ACE-inhibitory tripeptides on these enzymes were evaluated.Enucleated fresh porcine eyes were used. Activities of ACE1 and ACE2 and their inhibition by bioactive tripeptides (Ile-Pro-Pro, Val-Pro-Pro, Leu-Pro-Pro) as well as by a standard ACE-inhibitor captopril were assayed in the vitreous body, the retina and the ciliary body using fluorometric detection methods.Activity of ACE1 as well as…

Alterations on AChE Activity of the Fish Anguilla anguilla as Response to Herbicide-Contaminated Water

2000

Abstract The inhibition of both total and specific acetylcholinesterase activities was measured in the whole eyes of the yellow eel Anguilla anguilla after exposure to the carbamate thiobencarb. In vivo assays were conducted under a constant flow-through system of thiobencarb-contaminated water (1/60 LC50 96 h=0.22 ppm for 96 h) followed by a recovery period in clean water (192 h more). The results indicated a measurable level of AChE activity on eyes of control eels, which resulted in a sensitive indicator of the presence of thiobencarb in the water. The pesticide induced significant inhibitory effects on AChE activity ranging from 35% in total AChE activity to 75% in specific AChE activit…

Management of hepatitis C virus genotype 4: recommendations of an international expert panel.

2011

HCV has been classified into no fewer than six major genotypes and a series of subtypes. Each HCV genotype is unique with respect to its nucleotide sequence, geographic distribution, and response to therapy. Genotypes 1, 2, and 3 are common throughout North America and Europe. HCV genotype 4 (HCV-4) is common in the Middle East and in Africa, where it is responsible for more than 80% of HCV infections. It has recently spread to several European countries. HCV-4 is considered a major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation in these regions. Although HCV-4 is the cause of approximately 20% of the 170 million cases of chronic hepatitis C in th…

Assessment of the cardiostimulant action of propionyl-L-carnitine on chronically volume-overloaded rat hearts.

1993

Chronic volume overload was induced in young rats of Wistar strain by surgical opening of the aorto-caval fistula. Three months later, during in vitro perfusion with exogenous palmitate, left ventricular function and energy turnover (QO2) of hypertrophied hearts were severely depressed. This seemed to be related to impaired long-chain fatty acid utilization, as reflected by decreased 14CO2 production from U-14C-palmitate and decreased tissue levels of L-carnitine. Another group of rats exposed to chronic volume overload was pretreated for 2 weeks before sacrifice with propionyl-L-carnitine (250 mg/kg/day), and the hearts were perfused with 1.2 mM palmitate and 10 mM propionyl-L-carnitine. I…

Sonographic examination of epiaortic vessels in patients with peripheral vertigo

2010

To evaluate the utility of echo-color-Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) of extracranial brain-supplying vessels in patients with peripheral vertigo of unknown origin.One-hundred-fifty-six patients (study group; 42 male and 114 female; mean age 61.86 ± 14.14) and 161 patients (control group; 80 male and 81 female; mean age 62.31 ± 13.69) were prospectively evaluated with CDU of extracranial brain-supplying vessels. Plaques in common and/or internal carotid artery (CA), arterial wall intima-media thickness (IMT) of common CA and peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI) of vertebral arteries (VA) were evaluated. Parametric (t-test) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U-test and Kolmogoro…

Hypolipidaemic effects of fenofibrate and fasting in the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat diet

2008

We investigated whether the hypolipidaemic effect of fenofibrate and fasting observed in most omnivorous mammals may also apply to herbivorous fish. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat (8 %) diet exhibited a marked increase in blood lipids and body fat after 6 weeks. They were then treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg body weight) in the same high-fat diet for 2 weeks, followed by fasting for 1 week. Plasma lipid concentration, body fat amount, fatty acid composition, plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and some parameters related to hepatic fatty acid oxidation were measured, and liver samples were stained for histological examination. Fenofibrate treatment decrea…

Dihydrocucurbitacin B, isolated from Cayaponia tayuya, reduces damage in adjuvant-induced arthritis

2005

23,24-Dihydrocucurbitacin B, from the anti-rheumatic plant Cayaponia tayuya, was tested on arthritis induced by adjuvant to corroborate the anti-inflammatory properties of this plant. Arthritis was induced in Lewis rats; the resulting arthritic rats were then treated with dihydrocucurbitacin B (1 mg/kg orally, daily, 1 week). The effect of dihydrocucurbitacin B on the synthesis, release, and activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes (elastase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase-2) as well as its effect on different mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta) were determined. Dihydrocucurbitacin B modified the evolution of the clinical symptoms, reducing the swelling an…

Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in cultured endothelial cells – a comparison of primary endothelial cells with an immortalized endothelial cell li…

2012

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and oxidative stress plays an important role in this process. Therefore, we investigated the effects of hyperglycemia on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide/cGMP signaling in two different endothelial cell cultures. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and EA.hy 926 cells showed increased oxidative stress and impaired NO-cGMP signaling in response to hyperglycemia. The major difference between the two different cell types was the dramatic decrease in viability in HUVEC whereas EA.hy cells showed rather increased growth under hyperglycemic conditions. Starvation led to…