Search results for "CLASSIFICATION"
showing 10 items of 29475 documents
Carotenoids and Some Other Pigments from Fungi and Yeasts †
2021
Carotenoids are an essential group of compounds that may be obtained by microbiological synthesis. They are instrumental in various areas of industry, medicine, agriculture, and ecology. The increase of carotenoids’ demand at the global market is now essential. At the moment, the production of natural carotenoids is more expensive than obtaining their synthetic forms, but several new approaches/directions on how to decrease this difference were developed during the last decades. This review briefly describes the information accumulated until now about the beneficial effects of carotenoids on human health protection, their possible application in the treatments of various diseases, and their…
Loss of Arabidopsis p24 function affects ERD2 traffic and Golgi structure and activates the unfolded protein response
2017
The p24 family of proteins (also known as the TMED family) are key regulators of protein trafficking along the secretory pathway, but very little is known about their functions in plants. A quadruple loss-of-function mutant affecting the p24 genes from the δ-1 subclass of the p24δ subfamily (p24δ3δ4δ5δ6) showed alterations in the Golgi, suggesting that these p24 proteins play a role in the organization of the compartments of the early secretory pathway in Arabidopsis Loss of p24δ-1 proteins also induced the accumulation of the K/HDEL receptor ERD2a (ER lumen protein-retaining receptor A) at the Golgi and increased secretion of BiP family proteins, ER chaperones containing an HDEL signal, pr…
Natural Occurrence of Secondary Bacterial Symbionts in Aphids from Tunisia, with a Focus on Genus Hyalopterus
2018
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) can harbor two types of bacterial symbionts. In addition to the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola Munson, Baumann and Kinsey 1991 (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), several facultative symbiotic bacteria, called secondary (S) symbionts, have been identified among many important pest aphid species. To determine interpopulational diversity of S-symbionts, we carried out a survey in a total of 18 populations of six aphid species collected from six localities in Tunisia, by performing a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction analysis of partial 16S-23S rRNA operon sequences. While 61.7% of individuals contained only Buchnera, three S-symbionts were foun…
Temporal variations in symbiotic hindgut protist community of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi in Sicily.
2015
The dynamics of symbiotic protist communities of Reticulitermes lucifugus ‘‘Sicily’’ were investigated to assess the effects of seasonal environmental conditions and the termite’s feeding activity. In worker and soldier castes, the total protist population (total abundance), individual species abundances, and species proportions in their hindguts were examined monthly from December 2012 to February 2014. The main protist species taken into account were Dinenympha fimbriata Kirby, D. gracilis Leidy, Pyrsonympha flagellata Gras., Spirotrichonympha flagellata Grassi u. Fo` a, Holomastigotes elongatum Grassi u. Fo`a, and Trichonympha agilis Leidy, while others were not specifically identified, …
Patterns of the lemma micromorphology : a useful tool in taxonomy of the middle Asian Eragrostis species (Poaceae)
2017
We examined all taxa of the genus Eragrostis noted so far in Middle Asia, namely: Eragrostis amurensis, Eragrostis cilianensis, Eragrostis minor agg., Eragrostis pilosa and Eragrostis virescens. By means of scanning electron microscope, such structures as long cells, short cells (cork and silica cells), prickles, microhairs and glands were scrutinized and compared among taxa. Additionally, several macromorphological characteristics were investigated. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted in order to reveal the morphological relationships and differences among species. Micromorphology of the lemma epidermis, together with selected macromorphological characteristics…
From the roots to the stem: unveiling pear root colonization and infection pathways by Erwinia amylovora
2020
ABSTRACT Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora affects pome fruit worldwide, generating serious economic losses. Despite the abundant literature on E. amylovora infection mechanisms of aerial plant organs, root infection routes remain virtually unexplored. Assessing these infection pathways is necessary for a full understanding of the pathogen's ecology. Using the pathosystem Pyrus communis–E. amylovora and different experimental approaches including a green fluorescent protein transformant (GFP1) and epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), we demonstrated the pathogen's ability to infect, colonize and invade pear roots and cause characteristic fire…
Deimatism: a neglected component of antipredator defence
2017
Deimatic or ‘startle’ displays cause a receiver to recoil reflexively in response to a sudden change in sensory input. Deimatism is sometimes implicitly treated as a form of aposematism (unprofitability associated with a signal). However, the fundamental difference is, in order to provide protection, deimatism does not require a predator to have any learned or innate aversion. Instead, deimatism can confer a survival advantage by exploiting existing neural mechanisms in a way that releases a reflexive response in the predator. We discuss the differences among deimatism, aposematism, and forms of mimicry, and their ecological and evolutionary implications. We highlight outstanding questions …
Evolution of shelf life parameters of ready-to-eat escarole (Cichorium endivia var. latifolium) subjected to different cutting operations
2019
Abstract The present work was carried out to investigate the microbiological and physicochemical parameters of minimally processed escarole (Cichorium endivia var. latifolium) subjected to two different transformation processes, a classic ready-to-eat process (cut leaves, CL) and a process that excluded the cutting operation (entire leaves, EL) as control trial. Both trials were monitored during the refrigerated (4 °C) storage extended until 15 d. Total mesophilic microorganisms, total psychrotrophic microorganisms and pseudomonads were detected at the highest cell densities in all samples. The genotypic characterization of the dominating microbial populations resulted in the identification…
Identification of Stress Associated microRNAs in Solanum lycopersicum by High-Throughput Sequencing
2019
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important crops around the world and also a model plant to study response to stress. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyse the microRNA (miRNA) profile of tomato plants undergoing five biotic and abiotic stress conditions (drought, heat, P. syringae infection, B. cinerea infection, and herbivore insect attack with Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae) and one chemical treatment with a plant defence inducer, hexanoic acid. We identified 104 conserved miRNAs belonging to 37 families and we predicted 61 novel tomato miRNAs. Among those 165 miRNAs, 41 were stress-responsive. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to valida…
The Combined Effects of Ethylene and MeJA on Metabolic Profiling of Phenolic Compounds in Catharanthus roseus Revealed by Metabolomics Analysis
2016
Phenolic compounds belong to a class of secondary metabolites and are implicated in a wide range of responsive mechanisms in plants triggered by both biotic and abiotic elicitors. In this study, we approached the combinational effects of ethylene and MeJA (methyl jasmonate) on phenolic compounds profiles and gene expressions in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus. In virtue of a widely non-targeted metabolomics method, we identified a total of 34 kinds of phenolic compounds in the leaves, composed by 7 C6C1-, 11 C6C3-, and 16 C6C3C6 compounds. In addition, 7 kinds of intermediates critical for the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and alkaloids were identified and discussed with phenol…