Search results for "CM2"
showing 5 items of 5 documents
Neuronal cell cycle: the neuron itself and its circumstances.
2015
Neurons are usually regarded as postmitotic cells that undergo apoptosis in response to cell cycle reactivation. Nevertheless, recent evidence indicates the existence of a defined developmental program that induces DNA replication in specific populations of neurons, which remain in a tetraploid state for the rest of their adult life. Similarly, de novo neuronal tetraploidization has also been described in the adult brain as an early hallmark of neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to integrate these recent developments in the context of cell cycle regulation and apoptotic cell death in neurons. We conclude that a variety of mechanisms exists in neuronal cells for G1/S and G2/M check…
L'enseignement des langues à l'école élémentaire
1995
International audience; Ce rapport est basé sur une enquête longitudinale qui a consisté à suivre pendant deux ans un échantillon de 1500 élèves entrant au collège. Certains de ces élèves avaient bénéficié d'un enseignement de l'anglais à l'école primaire dans le cadre d'une expérimentation mise en place par le ministère de l'Éducation nationale, d'autres débutaient cet apprentissage au collège. Le dispositif d'évaluation mis en place a permis de conduire deux types d'analyses. D'une part, on a décrit l'effet d'un certain nombre de facteurs qui déterminent le niveau atteint en anglais par les élèves aux différentes étapes de la scolarité. D'autre part, on a mesuré l'impact de l'expérimentat…
L'enseignement des langues vivantes à l'école élémentaire : essai d'évaluation des effets au collège
1997
A survey was carried out during two years with 1500 pupils at the beginning of the secondary school. It consists to assess the results of the pupils in English language : some of them were initiated to English in the Primary school. The results of the research allow to describe some factors which influence pupil's acquisitions in English language and to assess the effects of the "early" initiation : in fact, these seem to be very slight.
Terminal tendon cell differentiation requires the glide/gcm complex.
2004
International audience; Locomotion relies on stable attachment of muscle fibres to their target sites, a process that allows for muscle contraction to generate movement. Here, we show that glide/gcm and glide2/gcm2, the fly glial cell determinants, are expressed in a subpopulation of embryonic tendon cells and required for their terminal differentiation. By using loss-of-function approaches, we show that in the absence of both genes, muscle attachment to tendon cells is altered, even though the molecular cascade induced by stripe, the tendon cell determinant, is normal. Moreover, we show that glide/gcm activates a new tendon cell gene independently of stripe. Finally, we show that segment p…
Pour une politique de la qualité de l'école primaire en Afrique : évaluation des acquis des élèves en CP et en CM au Togo
1993
Policy decisions in education cannot be made upon opinions and subjectives factors ; this is especially true in African countries where demographic and economic constraints are particularly binding. A key element is to measure the impact of the various factors affecting student learning, even though this step has to be complemented by cost estimates so as to produce cost-efficiency indicators. This papers concerns primary schooling in Togo and aims at documenting the link between school factors on the one hand, pupil achievement on the other. The results have very clear consequences in terms of educational policy since they show that inputs such as school building in concrete or recruitemen…