Search results for "COD"
showing 10 items of 2985 documents
Égalité et citoyenneté en Algérie et dans les établissements français de l'Inde au milieu du XIXe siècle
2008
Dans les colonies françaises d'Algérie et des établissements de l'Inde du XIXe siècle, la société était totalement différente de celle des « quatre vieilles colonies » : elle comportait des communautés identifiables, avec des droits locaux ; les habitants étaient régis par un statut juridique déterminé en fonction de leur religion. Ces statuts personnels des indigènes – terme pris dans son sens large et non dans celui du code de l'indigénat – étaient incompatibles avec le Code civil sans adaptation. Par ailleurs, l'organisation locale, en castes pour les hindous, en tribus pour l'Algérie, étaient également bien éloignées des institutions françaises. L'acculturation juridique était donc néce…
Development of imaging techniques in gamma-ray astronomy using coded mask systems : application to the telescope LEGRI = Desarrollo de técnicas de ob…
1996
En el rango de energías de la radiación gamma no es posible usar lentes o espejos para formar imágenes; por tanto es necesario usar otros sistemas. Una solución al problema son los telescopios de mascara codificada que consisten en un plano detector y un patrón de elementos transparentes y opacos antepuesto a el. Lo que detectamos es la sombra que producen las diferentes fuentes gamma del patrón de la mascara en el plano detector. A partir de ello, y conocido el patrón que produce las sombras (la mascara), reconstruimos el campo de fuentes. En este trabajo, y aplicado al telescopio LEGRI, se han estudiado cuatro algoritmos de reconstrucción de las fuentes (correlación balanceada de muestreo…
Upper secondary school students’ use of and attitudes to English tags within Finnish speech and writing
2010
Kansainvälistymisen myötä englannin vahvistuva asema lingua francana näkyy myös Suomessa ja suomen kielessä: englanninkieliset nimet, iskulauseet, lainasanat ja muut anglismit ovat monelle jo niin jokapäiväinen asia, että moni ei edes huomaa käyttävänsä niitä. Osa suomalaisista on kuitenkin sitä mieltä, että tällainen kielten sekoittuminen ja vaihtelu köyhdyttävät suomea ja jopa uhkaavat sitä. Eräs kielikontaktin laji on koodinvaihto eli kahden tai useamman kielen käyttäminen keskustelussa. Se on edelleen jaoteltavissa sanojen tai lyhyiden huudahdusten lisäämiseen muutoin erikieliseen puheeseen tai tekstiin ( tag-switching ). Työssä tutkittiin tällaisten englanninkielisten tagien lisäämise…
Both contextual regularity and selective attention affect the reduction of precision‐weighted prediction errors but in distinct manners
2021
Predictive coding model of perception postulates that the primary objective of the brain is to infer the causes of sensory inputs by reducing prediction errors (i.e., the discrepancy between expected and actual information). Moreover, prediction errors are weighted by their precision (i.e., inverse variance), which quantifies the degree of certainty about the variables. There is accumulating evidence that the reduction of precision‐weighted prediction errors can be affected by contextual regularity (as an external factor) and selective attention (as an internal factor). However, it is unclear whether the two factors function together or separately. Here we used electroencephalography (EEG) …
Anomaly Detection and Classification of Household Electricity Data : A Time Window and Multilayer Hierarchical Network Approach
2022
With the increasing popularity of the smart grid, huge volumes of data are gathered from numerous sensors. How to classify, store, and analyze massive datasets to facilitate the development of the smart grid has recently attracted much attention. In particular, with the popularity of household smart meters and electricity monitoring sensors, a large amount of data can be obtained to analyze household electricity usage so as to better diagnose the leakage and theft behaviors, identify man-made tampering and data fraud, and detect powerline loss. In this paper, the time window method is first proposed to obtain the features and potential periodicity of household electricity data. Combining th…
Data Mining for the Security of Cyber Physical Systems Using Deep-Learning Methods
2022
Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) have become widely popular in recent years, and their applicability have been growing exponentially. A CPS is an advanced system that incorporates a computation unit along with a hardware unit, allowing for computing processes to interact with the physical world. However, this increased usage has also led to the security concerns in them, as they allow potential attack vendors to exploit the possibilities of committing misconduct for their own benefit. It is of paramount importance that these systems have comprehensive security mechanisms to mitigate these security threats. A typical attack vector for a CPS is malicious data supplied by compromised sensors that…
Application of a Knowledge Discovery Process to Study Instances of Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems
2020
Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) are computationally challenging, constrained optimization problems, which have central role in logistics management. Usually different solvers are being developed and applied for different kind of problems. However, if descriptive and general features could be extracted to describe such problems and their solution attempts, then one could apply data mining and machine learning methods in order to discover general knowledge on such problems. The aim then would be to improve understanding of the most important characteristics of VRPs from both efficient solution and utilization points of view. The purpose of this article is to address these challenges by proposi…
Classification of Sound Scenes and Events in Real-World Scenarios with Deep Learning Techniques
2021
La clasificación de los eventos sonoros es un campo de la audición por computador que se está volviendo cada vez más interesante debido al gran número de aplicaciones que podrían beneficiarse de esta tecnología. A diferencia de otros campos de la audición por computador relacionados con la recuperación de información musical o el reconocimiento del habla, la clasificación de eventos sonoros tiene una serie de problemas intrínsecos. Estos problemas son la naturaleza polifónica de la mayoría de las grabaciones de sonido ambiental, la diferencia en la naturaleza de cada sonido, la falta de estructura temporal y la adición de ruido de fondo y reverberación en el proceso de grabación. Estos prob…
A Conceptual Restructuring of Spatial Motion Expressions in Chinese L2
2018
This paper focuses on the patterns in the encoding of spatial motion events that play a major role in the acquisition of these type of expressions. The goal is to single out the semantic contribution of the linguistic items which surface in Chinese locative constructions. In this way, we intend to provide learners with an account of the spatial representation encoded in the Chinese language. In fact, Chinese grammar is often perceived as idiosyncratic, thus generating a frustration that turns into learned helplessness (Maier and Seligman, 1976). We will analyze Talmy (2000a,b) framework under the light of investigations such as Landau and Jackendoff (1993), Svenonius (2004, 2006, 2007), and…
Azioni revocatorie e arbitrato
2020
Lo scritto studia il rapporto tra azione revocatoria ed arbitrato. Il curatore ha il compito di ricostruire il patrimonio del debitore, al fine di garantire la par condicio creditorum. A questo scopo il curatore può proporre azioni dirette a far dichiarare la inefficacia degli atti compiuti dal debitore. Si tratta di azioni con presupposti ed effetti tra loro diversi; una azione è diretta a far dichiarare la inefficacia ex lege atti compiuti dal debitore; le altre sono l’azione revocatoria ordinaria e l’azione revocatoria fallimentare. Per altro verso, il curatore potrebbe essere convenuto in azioni revocatorie dirette a fare dichiarare inefficaci atti di cui ha beneficiato il debitore prim…