Search results for "COLON"

Two mesalazine regimens in the prevention of the post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a pragmatic, double-blind, randomized controlled trial

2003

Summary Background : The role of mesalazine in preventing the clinical recurrence of Crohn's disease after surgery has been shown in a meta-analysis of all published studies. No clear relationship, however, has been shown between dosage and response. Aim : To evaluate whether 4.0 g/day of mesalazine may offer therapeutic advantages over 2.4 g/day in the prevention of both endoscopic and clinical post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Methods : The study was a double-blind, randomized, multi-centre, prospective, controlled clinical trial. Two hundred and six patients, submitted to first or second intestinal resection for Crohn's disease limited to the terminal ileum, with or without i…

Biotransformation in vitro of the 22R and 22S epimers of budesonide by human liver, bronchus, colonic mucosa and skin.

2001

The pharmacological effects of glucocorticoids are greatly influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties. In the present report, the in vitro biotransformation of the 22R and 22S epimers of the topical steroid budesonide was studied in the S-9 fraction of human liver, bronchus, skin and colonic mucosa. The disappearance of unchanged epimers of budesonide was measured during 90 min of incubation by high performance liquid chromatography. The rate of disappearance was high in human liver while little biotransformation occurred in bronchial tissue and colonic mucosa, and none was detected in the skin. A marked decay of the initial concentration of unchanged budesonide epimers was noticed afte…

Low-dose budesonide treatment for prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohnʼs disease

1999

Summary and ConclusionAlthough the effect of budesonide was altogether positive in almost all variables studied in this train (e.g. endoscopic and histopathological score, time-to-failure, CDAI, patients' global judgement and rate of side effects), this increase in efficacy was small and the power f

Structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota associated to Clostridium difficile infection

2014

Antibiotic therapy is a causative agent of severe disturbances in microbial communities. In healthy individuals, the gut microbiota prevents infection by harmful microorganisms through direct inhibition (releasing antimicrobial compounds), competition, or stimulation of the host’s immune defenses. However, widespread antibiotic use has resulted in short- and long-term shifts in the gut microbiota structure, leading to a loss in colonization resistance in some cases. Consequently, some patients develop Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) after taking an antibiotic (AB) and, at present, this opportunistic pathogen is one of the main causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized p…

CD44v6 is a marker of constitutive and reprogrammed cancer stem cells driving colon cancer metastasis.

2014

SummaryCancer stem cells drive tumor formation and metastasis, but how they acquire metastatic traits is not well understood. Here, we show that all colorectal cancer stem cells (CR-CSCs) express CD44v6, which is required for their migration and generation of metastatic tumors. CD44v6 expression is low in primary tumors but demarcated clonogenic CR-CSC populations. Cytokines hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), osteopontin (OPN), and stromal-derived factor 1α (SDF-1), secreted from tumor associated cells, increase CD44v6 expression in CR-CSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which promotes migration and metastasis. CD44v6− progenitor cells do not give rise to metastatic lesions but, when…

Hsp60 and Hsp10 overexpression in metastatic colon cancer.

2006

Evidence for a modulatory role of cannabinoids on the excitatory NANC neurotransmission in mouse colon

2007

Abstract It is well accepted that endogenous cannabinoids and CB1 receptors are involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contractility and intestinal motility, through a mechanism mainly related to reduction of acetylcholine release from cholinergic nerve endings. Because, few data exist on a possible modulatory action of the cannabinoid agents on the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cannabinoid drugs on the NANC responses elicited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the circular muscle of mouse proximal colon. Colonic contractions were monitored as changes in endoluminal…

The Cytokine GM-CSF Drives the Inflammatory Signature of CCR2+ Monocytes and Licenses Autoimmunity.

2015

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has emerged as a crucial cytokine produced by auto-reactive T helper (Th) cells that initiate tissue inflammation. Multiple cell types can sense GM-CSF, but the identity of the pathogenic GM-CSF-responsive cells is unclear. By using conditional gene targeting, we systematically deleted the GM-CSF receptor (Csf2rb) in specific subpopulations throughout the myeloid lineages. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) progressed normally when either classical dendritic cells (cDCs) or neutrophils lacked GM-CSF responsiveness. The development of tissue-invading monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) was also unperturbed upon Csf2r…

Tumorigenic conversion of endothelial cells.

2003

Tumors of endothelial origin develop rarely. Until now, only two angiosarcoma (AS)-derived endothelial cell lines have been be isolated, ISO-HAS and AS-M. Both AS-derived endothelial cell lines presented the typical endothelial characteristics, such as the expression of CD31 and von Willebrand factor, but differed from normal endothelial cells in a nuclear expression of p53, in a delayed angiogenic reaction, and a reduced expression of caveolin. In addition, differences in the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules responsive to proinflammatory stimuli were observed. While AS-M showed an expression pattern similar to that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), ISO-H…

Endothelial VEGFR-3 expression in colorectal carcinomas is associated with hematogenous metastasis

2009

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) is a major inducer of lymphangiogenic signalling and seems to be involved also in angiogenesis. Since both processes are closely linked with tumor metastasis this study investigated the expression of VEGFR-3 in tumor-associated vessels in colorectal carcinomas and evaluated its relevance for lymphogenous and hematogenous metastasis. In a comparative study between microvascular endothelial cells isolated from the tumor (HCTEC) and the corresponding non-neoplastic tissue (HCMEC) from five patients with colorectal cancer VEGFR-3 expression was measured using a specific ELISA. The expression pattern was individually different, with cases s…