Search results for "COLOR"

Cytokines in Colitis-Associated Cancer: Potential Drug Targets?

2008

In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as UC and CD, the development of colorectal carcinoma can be initiated through chronic inflammation, depending on the duration and severity of the disease. Growing evidence supports a role for various cytokines, released by epithelial and immune cells, in the pathogenesis of colitis associated cancer (CAC). For instance, TNF-alpha has been recently shown to promote tumor development in experimental colitis. Due to its role in the pathogenesis of IBD, TNF-alpha blockade has become one of the cornerstones of IBD therapy. Thus, anti-TNF-alpha strategies could also provide effective anti-tumor therapies. TGF-beta has been shown to attenuate an anti-tumo…

Correlation study of GAPDH, Bcl-2, and Bax protein immunoexpression in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma.

2018

Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide in males and females, respectively. Despite prominent progress in diagnosis and treatment, the recurrence rates are still high. A tumour hypoxic environment leads to an increase in glycolytic metabolism. The crucial intermediate component of glycolysis, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), could play a significant role in cancer progression. An increased level of GAPDH has been described in oncogene-induced transformation and anti-apoptotic function. In other studies, GAPDH has been involved in apoptosis induction. Aim We examined colorectal adenocarcinoma samples to assess the…

Evaluation of ABC gene polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of capecitabine in colorectal patients: Implications for dosing rec…

2020

Aims The aims are to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of capecitabine (CAP) and its main metabolites after the oral administration of CAP in colorectal cancer patients with different polymorphisms of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) gene and a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model capable of accounting for the neutropenic effects, and to optimize the dosing strategy based on the polymorphisms of the ABC gene and/or the administration regimen as a single agent or in combination. Methods Forty-eight patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer were included, with 432 plasma levels of CAP, 5'-desoxi-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 370 neutrophil observa…

Unexpected tumor reduction in metastatic colorectal cancer patients during SARS-Cov-2 infection: effect of ACE-2 expression on tumor cells or molecul…

2021

Lipid Droplets: A New Player in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Unveiled by Spectroscopic Imaging

2015

Abstract The cancer stem cell (CSC) model is describing tumors as a hierarchical organized system and CSCs are suggested to be responsible for cancer recurrence after therapy. The identification of specific markers of CSCs is therefore of paramount importance. Here, we show that high levels of lipid droplets (LDs) are a distinctive mark of CSCs in colorectal (CR) cancer. This increased lipid content was clearly revealed by label-free Raman spectroscopy and it directly correlates with well-accepted CR-CSC markers as CD133 and Wnt pathway activity. By xenotransplantation experiments, we have finally demonstrated that CR-CSCs overexpressing LDs retain most tumorigenic potential. A relevant con…

Luminescent Pt-II and Pt-IV Platinacycles with Anticancer Activity Against Multiplatinum-Resistant Metastatic CRC and CRPC Cell Models

2020

Platinum-based chemotherapy persists to be the only effective therapeutic option against a wide variety of tumours. Nevertheless, the acquisition of platinum resistance is utterly common, ultimately cornering conventional platinum drugs to only palliative in many patients. Thus, encountering alternatives that are both effective and non-cross-resistant is urgent. In this work, we report the synthesis, reduction studies, and luminescent properties of a series of cyclometallated (C,N,N')PtIV compounds derived from amine- imine ligands, and their remarkable efficacy at the high nanomolar range and complete lack of cross57 resistance, as an intrinsic property of the platinacycle, against multipl…

A variant of Smurf2 protects mice against colitis-associated colon cancer by inducing transforming growth factor β signaling.

2011

Background & Aims Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling, which is down-regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smad ubiquitin regulating factor 2 (Smurf2), promotes development of cancer. We identified a splice variant of Smurf2 (ΔE2Smurf2) and investigated its role in colon carcinogenesis in mice. Methods Colitis-associated colon cancer was induced in mice by administration of azoxymethane, followed by 3 cycles of oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate. Messenger RNA levels of Smurf2 in colon tumors and control tissue were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction; lymphocyte and cytokine levels were measured in tumor and tissue samples. Results Tumor-infiltrating CD4 +…

TGF-β Dependent T-Cell Regulation in Colitis and Colon Cancer

2008

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent growth inhibitor endowed with tumor-suppressing activity. Unfortunately, cancers are often resistant to such growth inhibition. This evasion frequently results from a genetic loss of functional TGF-β signaling components. On the other hand, cancer cells often produce high amounts TGF-β1 by themselves and sometimes respond to it with invasion and metastasis. Much effort is being done to develop therapeutic approaches to modulate TGF-β signaling in cancer cells either to inhibit the TGF-β-induced invasive phenotype or to reestablish its growth-inhibitory activities. However, TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine with important functions not only in c…

Characteristics of the colorectal cancers diagnosed in the early 2000s in Italy. Figures from the IMPATTO study on colorectal cancer screening

2015

The impact of organized screening programmes on colorectal cancer (CRC) can be observed at a population level only several years after the implementation of screening. We compared CRC characteristics by diagnostic modality (screen-detected, non-screen-detected) as an early outcome to monitor screening programme effectiveness. Data on CRCs diagnosed in Italy from 2000 to 2008 were collected by several cancer registries. Linkage with screening datasets made it possible to divide the cases by geographic area, implementation of screening, and modality of diagnosis (screen-detected, non-screen-detected).We compared the main characteristics of the different subgroups of CRCs through multivariate …

Incidence trends of colorectal cancer in the early 2000s in Italy. Figures from the IMPATTO study on colorectal cancer screening

2015

We utilised the IMPATTO study's archives to describe the 2000-2008 colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rate trends in Italy, once screening programmes based on the faecal immunochemical test were implemented in different areas. Data on CRCs diagnosed in Italy from 2000 to 2008 in subjects aged 40-79 years were collected by 23 cancer registries. Incidence rate trends were evaluated as a whole and by macro-area (North-Centre and South-Islands), presence of a screening programme, sex, ten-year age class, anatomic site, stage at diagnosis, and pattern of diagnosis (screen-detected, non-screen-detected). The annual percent change (APC) of incidence rate trends, with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI…