Search results for "COMMUNITIES"
showing 10 items of 355 documents
virtual communities, social networks and resistant fragments: young sicilian gays’ identity counter-attack
2002
Society is made of communications and representations: the core of its dynamics is culture and its patterns. Human beings are the authors of this significant web, i.e. culture; they are the authors and the victims at the same time. Social exclusions as norms and values — an ice–cream as a porn movie — are embedded in this culture web, as the anthropologist Clifford Geertz would say; and culture is the nature, the most appropriate environment of human interactions. A human being, her feelings, thoughts, dogma, creations, his/her own physical expression become a matter of culture, representations and perceptions. She creates paradise and hell, she is her own angel, her own devil. Sexual moral…
A spatially explicit model to simulate soil microbial communities’ dynamics at an agricultural landscape scale
2021
Soil microorganisms play a major role in soil functions and are an efficient indicator to evaluate the impact of agricultural practices on soil quality. Biogeographical studies over wide scales ranging from landscape to countries have concluded that soil microbial abundance and soil prokaryotic richness is following a heterogeneous distribution in space under the dependence of soil properties (e.g. pH, soil texture, organic matter content) and agricultural practices. The goal of this study is the creation of a model that can predict dynamics of soil microbial communities depending on the agricultural management over time. For this, we focus on a monitored landscape (Fénay landscape, 1.200 h…
Médias sociaux et gestion de communautés - applications dans le domaine de la gestion de la relation client
2018
Customer relationship management (CRM) is a term that emerged in the middle of the 1990's, and that is often used to describe computerized tools that provide services to consumers before, during and after a sale.These consumers have followed the transformation of the Web that has happened in the last few years, where each user becomes a supplier of content using tools like, amongst others, social networks by sharing resources, content, and annotating. General use social networks, such as Facebook or Twitter, are now used daily by a very large number of users.Companies have to follow this evolution and include social networks as a new communication channel in order to interact with their cli…
A new tool to assess the ecotoxicological impact of β-triketone herbicides on soil microbial communities
2018
International audience; The β-triketone herbicides are post-emergence maize selective herbicides that have beenintroduced on the market, in replacement of atrazine, banned in Europe in 2004. Qualified as “eco-friendly”, since they are based on natural phytotoxin properties, these herbicides target an enzymeinvolved in carotenoid biosynthesis called 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) encoded bythe hppd gene. The inhibition of this enzyme provokes bleaching symptoms, necrosis and death ofweeds.The hppd gene is not only find in eukaryotes such as plants, animals and humans but also inprokaryotes such as fungi, yeasts and bacteria. In recent studies, we showed that, within the soil bact…
Determinants of the distribution of nitrogen-cycling microbial communities at the landscape-scale
2010
Little information is available regarding the landscape-scale distribution of microbial communities and its environmental determinants. However, a landscape perspective is needed to understand the relative importance of local and regional factors and land management for the microbial communities. In this manuscript, we investigated the distribution of functional microbial communities involved in N-cycling and of the total bacterial and crenarchaeal communities over 107 sites using a grid with a 16 km lag distance within Burgundy, a 31 500 km2 region in France. After quantifying the abundances of the total bacterial, crenarchaeal, nitrate-reducing, denitrifying and ammonia-oxidizing communit…
Copper Dynamics and Impact on Microbial Communities in Soils of Variable Organic Status
2008
International audience; The effect of soil organic status on copper impact was investigated by means of a microcosm study carried out on a vineyard soil that had been amended with varying types of organic matter during a previous long-term field experiment. Soil microcosms were contaminated at 250 mg Cu kg−1 and incubated for 35 days. Copper distribution and dynamics were assessed in the solid matrix by a sequential extraction procedure and in the soil solution by measuring total and free exchangeable copper concentrations. Copper bioavailability was also measured with a whole-cell biosensor. Modifications of microbial communities were assessed by means of biomass-C measurements and charact…
Combining ecophysiological and microbial ecological approaches to assess interaction between genotypes of Medicago truncatula and the soil bacterial …
2011
International audience; Microbial communities can play a key role in sustainable agriculture by improving crop growth. Currently, a major stake is to study the effect of the plant genotype on the shaping of the soil microbial communities in relation to the plant nutrition. Methods: The links between the plant genotype and the rhizospheric bacterial communities were assessed at both structural and functional level using a multidisciplinary approach. On the one side, the genetic structure (Automated Ribosomial Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA)) and diversity (454 pyrosequencing) of bacterial communities of the rhizosphere was first analysed. On the other side, using an ecophysiological model…
Prévalence de pathogènes humains dans les sols français, effet des facteurs pédoclimatiques, biologiques et du mode d'utilisation des sols
2013
Soil contamination by bacterial pathogens can occur through manure, sewage sludge spreading or irrigation using waste water treatment plants effluents. Agricultural soils may act as reservoirs for these pathogens, play a significant role in their dissemination, leading to the potential contamination of food and water resources. Health risk associated with the occurrence of pathogens in environmental matrices has to be thoroughly evaluated. In this context, the objectives of this work were: i) to determine the prevalence of two pathogenic bacterial species (Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecalis) in a large collection of French soils originated from a systematic soil survey of the …
Biogeographical patterns of soil bacterial communities.
2009
International audience; This study provides the first maps of variations in bacterial community structure on a broad scale based on genotyping of DNA extracts from 593 soils from four different regions of France (North, Brittany, South-East and Landes). Soils were obtained from the soil library of RMQS (Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols = French soil quality monitoring network). The relevance of a biogeographic approach for studying bacterial communities was demonstrated by the great variability in community structure and specific geographical patterns within and between the four regions. The data indicated that the distribution of bacterial community composition might be more relate…
Weed communities in conservation agriculture: what really changes?
2022
Conservation agriculture (CA) has been identified as one of the farming systems likely to deliver sustainable agriculture but its effects over time on the diversity and composition of weed communities are still discussed. For ten years, different studies were carried out in in East of France in cropping system with short rotations essentially composed with winter crops. The objective of these different studies was to identify, focusing on the transition period, the changes in the composition of communities and the consequences in terms of agronomic risk in CA systems. Using networks of 100 winter wheat fields selected to encompass a gradient of years in CA (1 to 20 years), the changes that …