Search results for "COMPETITION"

The effects of sharing sustainable technology R&D on EU competition law

2022

This paper explores the significance of EU competition system in attaining envisioned sustainability targets by analysing the prospective symbiosis between European competition and patent law. Furthermore, this research evaluates both the plausible threats in the internal market stemming from lenient competition legislation as well as highlighting the apparent benefits of coordinating EU intellectual property and antitrust law to facilitate innovation. The goal of this research is to determine whether such polar opposites can indeed be merged into sustainable competition policy or will it end up fostering breeding ground for collusive behaviour in the common market.

Europe spreads its wings

1995

In The early 1960s a number of European governments, in consultation with scientists, engineers and industrialists, decided to enter space. To compete with the superpowers was, of course, out of the question – Europe had neither the resources nor the political interest to get involved in the space race. It was deemed possible, however, to pool the resources of the most industrialized European nations to support a limited effort in this important scientific and technological field.

Stackelberg Game Theory Based Energy Management Systems in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources

2021

The game theory concept has been adapted for energy management between energy producers and consumers in the presence of renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs). The objective of...

Co-learning of recursive languages from positive data

1996

The present paper deals with the co-learnability of enumerable families L of uniformly recursive languages from positive data. This refers to the following scenario. A family L of target languages as well as hypothesis space for it are specified. The co-learner is fed eventually all positive examples of an unknown target language L chosen from L. The target language L is successfully co-learned iff the co-learner can definitely delete all but one possible hypotheses, and the remaining one has to correctly describe L.

La «innovación escondida» de las pymes industriales en el capitalismo español. Gestión, estrategias y repertorios de prácticas innovadoras en pymes m…

2019

Las pymes industriales dinámicas e innovadoras son una de las bases de prosperidad colectiva en algunos países y regiones europeas. Desde una sociología multinivel que integra los niveles micro (empresarial-organizativo), meso (regional-local y sectorial) y macro (capitalismo estatal-nacional) dentro del sistema de redes-cadenas de producción del capitalismo global, el artículo analiza la actividad innovadora de las pymes industriales, la cual se puede denominar innovación escondida al no aparecer en los indicadores convencionales de innovación. En base a 22 entrevistas semiestructuradas a directivos de pymes manufactureras de Cataluña, se aplica la Teoría Fundamentada para construir catego…

Poly-space

2020

The Public Consultation on Regulation 1/2003: A Stronger Institutional Infrastructure for Fostering the EU Common Competition Culture

2016

Any strategic vision for European antitrust enforcement rests on one fundamental pillar: the continuous development of a common competition culture shared by the European Commission and national competition authorities (NCAs). In this respect, the innovative model of institutional governance for the enforcement of European Union (EU) competition law set out by Regulation 1/2003 has proved key: the achievements accomplished within the European Competition Network have probably exceeded the initial expectations in terms of scale of enforcement, its effectiveness as well as its consistency.

SEQUENCE EVOLUTION OF THE SPERM LIGAND ZONADHESIN CORRELATES NEGATIVELY WITH BODY WEIGHT DIMORPHISM IN PRIMATES

2007

Sexual selection has repeatedly been shown to be the probable driving force behind the positive Darwinian evolution of genes affecting male reproductive success. Here we compare the sequence evolution of the sperm ligand zonadhesin with body mass dimorphism in primates. In contrast to previous related studies, the present approach takes into account not only catarrhine primates, but also platyrrhines and lemurs. In detail, we analyze the sequence evolution of concatenated zonadhesin fragments (555 bp) of four Lemuroidea, five Platyrrhini, and seven Catarrhini, using the rate ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (dn/ds=omega). Unexpectedly, subsequent regression analyzes betwee…

Male reproductive senescence as a potential source of sexual conflict in a beetle

2011

The link between senescence and reproductive success is a contentious yet crucial issue to our understanding of mate choice, sexual conflict, and the evolution of ageing. By imposing direct (i.e., male fertility) or indirect (i.e., zygote viability) reproductive costs to females, male senescence may lead to sexual conflict at different levels. For example, ageing may affect male ability to deliver sperm, thus setting the scene for sexual conflict over mating, and/or may affect the quality of individual sperm cells, generating the potential for sexual conflict over fertilizing strategies. We addressed these issues by studying the mating behavior, reproductive fitness, and fertilization patte…

The effect of male-male competition and ornament size on mean and variance of courtship intensity towards heterospecific and conspecific females

2015

Discrimination between hetero- and conspecifics is the elementary choice an individual performs when searching for potential mates. The level of selectivity and strength of species discrimination is modified by variance in the quality of females, level of the male’s reproductive investment, mate search costs, and the competitive environment. The effect of the competitive environment on both species discrimination and conspecific mate choice has seldom been studied simultaneously. We experimentally manipulated territorial competition ofCalopteryx splendensdamselfly males in the wild, and asked two questions. First, does increased competition influence the territorial males’ responses towards…