Search results for "CONSISTENCY"
showing 10 items of 316 documents
On the Conditions of Price Consistency in the Input-Output Model
2013
The input-ouput model remains the basis of most SAM or CGE models. It actually uses two periods: the prices indexes solve it with the current period coefficients; the corresponding physical model is monoperiodic: the current prices solve it with the base period coefficients. The Leontief model is not consistent --- both models diverge generally --- unless the interindustry matrix of direct and indirect quantities of labor is stable over time. This implies that the vertically integrated labor coefficients are stable. This assumption is satisfied when the physical production coefficients and the physical labor coefficients are stable over time, two very strong assumptions.
Validating retinal fundus image analysis algorithms: issues and a proposal.
2013
This paper concerns the validation of automatic retinal image analysis (ARIA) algorithms. For reasons of space and consistency, we concentrate on the validation of algorithms processing color fundus camera images, currently the largest section of the ARIA literature. We sketch the context (imaging instruments and target tasks) of ARIA validation, summarizing the main image analysis and validation techniques. We then present a list of recommendations focusing on the creation of large repositories of test data created by international consortia, easily accessible via moderated Web sites, including multicenter annotations by multiple experts, specific to clinical tasks, and capable of running …
Concurrent Computing with Shared Replicated Memory
2019
Any concurrent system can be captured by a concurrent Abstract State Machine (cASM). This remains valid, if different agents can only interact via messages. It even permits a strict separation between memory managing agents and other agents that can only access the shared memory by sending query and update requests. This paper is dedicated to an investigation of replicated data that is maintained by a memory management subsystem, where the replication neither appears in the requests nor in the corresponding answers. We specify the behaviour of a concurrent system with such memory management using concurrent communicating ASMs (ccASMs), provide several refinements addressing different replic…
Conventional and fuzzy comparisons of large scale land cover products: Application to CORINE, GLC2000, MODIS and GlobCover in Europe
2012
One of the major drawbacks of land cover products is the lack of interoperability among them. Since their development was driven by different national or international initiatives, they were developed for different purposes and hold diverse technical characteristics. Thus, comparison among products and quality monitoring is necessary in assessing their usefulness. This paper provides a methodology to compare global land cover maps that allows for differences in legend definitions among products. Two different approaches were considered for map comparison, a Boolean approach and a new methodology based on fuzzy set theory in which the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) acted as a genera…
Defining the Concepts of Organization, Economic Organization and Stabilizer from the Perspective of Complex Systems
2014
Abstract This paper is a theoretical investigation that sets forth a scientific debate on the concepts of organization, economic organization, and stabilizer from the perspective of complex systems. By defining these concepts, the paper aims at increasing the intelligibility of social and economic phenomena. In formulating the definitions, we considered the following criteria: the adequacy criterion, the consistency criterion and the independence criterion. The paper is part of a larger study on the economic organization and the paradigm of the living logical system.
Comparative assessment of spatial perception in augmented reality depending on the consistency of depth cues
2021
Discrepancies between depth cues (accommodation and vergence) is one of the major issues caused in a stereoscopic augmented reality at close viewing distances. It adversely affects not only user comfort but also spatial judgements. Images with consonant cues at different distances have become available due to the implementation of multifocal architecture in the head-mounted displays, although its effect on spatial perception has remained unknown. In this psychophysical study, we investigated the effects of consonant and conflicting depth cues on perceptual distance matching in the stereoscopic environment of augmented reality using a head-mounted display that was driven in two modes: multif…
Restoration and Enhancement of Historical Stereo Photos Through Optical Flow
2021
Restoration of digital visual media acquired from repositories of historical photographic and cinematographic material is of key importance for the preservation, study and transmission of the legacy of past cultures to the coming generations. In this paper, a fully automatic approach to the digital restoration of historical stereo photographs is proposed. The approach exploits the content redundancy in stereo pairs for detecting and fixing scratches, dust, dirt spots and many other defects in the original images, as well as improving contrast and illumination. This is done by estimating the optical flow between the images, and using it to register one view onto the other both geometrically …
Learning About Forces Using Multiple Representations
2017
We present two research-based interventions to measure upper secondary student learning of forces using multiple representations (MRs). The first intervention is the Representational Variant of the Force Concept Inventory (R-FCI) – a multiple-choice test for evaluating students’ representational consistency in answering triplets of isomorphic items in the context of forces. The second intervention is an interaction diagram (ID) – a visual representation that helps students to identify forces resulting from interactions between two objects. Students’ representational consistency on the R-FCI pre-test correlated with their normalised learning gain on the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) suggesti…
Planning Control on the Northern European Periphery
2010
From different pasts and currently different connections to EU, Latvia and Norway in the last few years have created new legal frameworks for their national planning systems and hence for planning control. This paper explores similarities and differences between these two planning control systems and related tendencies in the revision of planning legislation adopted in recent times. Methodologically, the study makes a distinction between acting organizational subjects and the rules of the game that affect their performance. Together with the planning organization, such formal institutional factors indicate modes of planning control as well as possibilities for creating coherence across plan…
Action and Deontology
2015
This chapter is concerned with the deontology of actions. According to the presented approach, actions and not propositions are deontologically loaded. Norms direct actions and define the circumstances in which actions are permitted, prohibited, or mandated. Norms are therefore viewed as deontological rules of conduct. The definitions of permission, prohibition, and obligatoriness of an action are formulated in terms of the relation of transition of an action system. A typology of atomic norms is presented. To each atomic norm a proposition is associated and called the normative proposition corresponding to this norm. A logical system, the basic deontic logic, is defined and an adequate sem…