Search results for "CONTRÔLE"
showing 10 items of 179 documents
Biological protection against grape berry moths. A review
2018
International audience; Grape is a major crop, covering 7.5 M ha worldwide, that is currently being confronted with three main challenges: intensive pesticide use that must be reduced, invasion by new pests/diseases, and climate change. The biological control of pests and vectors would help address these challenges. Here, we review the scientific literature on the biological control of grape moths by macroorganisms (excluding nematodes). Two components, biological control with an active human role, mainly using biocontrol agents through inundation or inoculation, and conservation biological control, are considered. The major points are the following. (1) Tortricid grape moths seriously dama…
Les leviers de contrôle de SIMONS : vers une compréhension des freins à l'équilibrage diagnostic / interactif
2015
Simons's researches in the mid-1990s offer an original framework for relations between control and strategy. The imprecision of the model, its vertical orientation focusing on top management were criticized and completed by additional researches. Adopting a transversal and vertical approach focused on middle managers, this research aims to analyze the development of diagnostics systems towards interactivity and brakes to such developments. The article analyzes the results of an intervention research conducted in a third-party logistics which has adopted a new measurement performance system, including its impact on diagnostic control systems used by middle managers.
Optimal Control of Dissipative Quantum Systems
2008
We study the control of finite dimensional quantum systems by external laser fields. After examining the concrete example of the diatomic molecular alignment in dissipative media, we are interested in the problem of optimal control, where the objective is to bring the system from an initial state into a given final state while minimizing a cost functional. The Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP) provides necessary conditions for optimality, by establishing that any optimal trajectory is the extremal solution of an extended problem of Hamiltonian structure. In this context, we perform the analysis of two particular systems. The first one is a dissipative 2-level system, for which we determine…
DSCG 3 : management et contrôle de gestion
2015
Cet ouvrage propose plusieurs études de cas conçues au modèle des sujets de l'examen. Chacun des cas est suivi de son corrigé détaillé. Les thèmes traités dans les différentes études se complètent de sorte que l'ouvrage couvre l'ensemble du programme
About the role of hamiltonian singularities in controlled systems : applications in quantum mechanics and nonlinear optics
2012
This thesis has two goals: the first one is to improve the control techniques in quantum mechanics, and more specifically in NMR, by using the tools of geometric optimal control. The second one is the study of the influence of Hamiltonian singularities in controlled systems. The chapter about optimal control study three classical problems of NMR : the inversion problem, the influence of the radiation damping term, and the steady state technique. Then, we apply the geometric optimal control to the problem of the population transfert in a three levels quantum system to recover the STIRAP scheme.The two next chapters study Hamiltonian singularities. We show that they allow to control the polar…
Contribution to the study and to the optimization of active thermographic process applied to surface crack detection
2017
The aim of this work is the detection of open and subjacent defects in metallic materials using laser-material interaction coupled with infrared thermography. This process is a possible alternative for magnetic particles testing and dye penetrant testing in the field of non-destructive testing. This work is divided into three main parties. At first, we have been interested in the characterization of optical and thermophysical properties of materials we used, in order to have good boundary conditions and also for the needs of temperatures fields measurements for validation. The second part concern the development of a numerical simulation model with two step approach: the first involves mode…
« Pour mes trente ans je me fais stériliser. » Stérilisées et sans enfant : une utilisation déviante de la contraception ?
2018
International audience; Cet article se focalise sur les femmes sans enfant et présente une utilisation singulière de la contraception : non pas pour « avoir un enfant comme on veut, quand on veut », mais pour choisir de ne jamais en avoir. L’enquête ethnographique se penche sur l’appréhension de cette pratique tant par les médecins que par les femmes stérilisées ou en voie de l’être. Demande déviante pour les médecins qui régulent fortement l’accès à cette méthode, cet acte est pourtant approprié comme un élément constitutif de la « culture childfree ». Le sujet invite à se pencher sur le discours de ces femmes, qui, s’il est « déviant » n’en est pas moins révélateur d’une générale aspirati…
La liberté d'expression, une spécificité occidentale ?
2007
Intérêts du phénotypage de la personnalité pour améliorer la lutte biologique : cas d’étude chez l’auxiliaire Trichogramma evanescens
2021
One promising approach to improve the use of biological control agents (BCA) consists in the exploitation of intraspecific variation on traits related to mass-rearing or field performance. Consistent inter-individual variations in behaviour (known as personality) have never been considered in biological control (BC) while they have proved to be heritable and correlated to phenotypic traits possibly related to fitness in rearing or field conditions. The aim of this PhD thesis was (i) to develop an experimental design to measure personality traits in a the egg-parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens, and (ii) to evaluate the feasibility and interest of phenotyping personality traits to set and imp…
Une relation trophique originale : la vection entomophile d'agents pathogènes
2013
Bgpi : équipe 6 chapitre 34; Une relation trophique originale : la vection entomophile d'agents pathogènes