Search results for "CONTRAST"

showing 10 items of 1162 documents

New Analytical Tools for Evaluation of Spherical Aberration in Optical Microscopy

2010

The required tightly focused spots in three-dimensional (3D) scanning optical techniques are usually achieved by high-NA immersion lenses. The refractive index mismatch between the sample and the immersion medium introduces an important amount of spherical aberration when imaging deep inside the specimen, spreading out the focusing response. Since this aberration depends on the focalization depth, it is not possible to simultaneously achieve a global compensation for the whole scanned sample. In this way, the design of pupil elements that increase the tolerance to this aberration is of great interest. We present a new formalism for the evaluation and the design of filters that decrease the …

Spherical aberrationFormalism (philosophy of mathematics)Materials scienceContrast transfer functionOpticsOptical microscopeExit pupilbusiness.industrylawbusinessRefractive indexlaw.invention
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MSCT in GIST patients with hepatic metastases treated with new generation tyrosinkinase inhibitors: comparison between density and dimension

2013

Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information

StagingOncologyGastrointestinal tractAbdomenMonoclonal antibodiesMetastasesContrast agent-intravenousOncology Abdomen Gastrointestinal tract CT Contrast agentintravenous Staging Cancer Metastases Monoclonal antibodiesSettore MED/36 - Diagnostica Per Immagini E RadioterapiaCTCancer
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Multiple testing in candidate gene situations: a comparison of classical, discrete, and resampling-based procedures.

2011

In candidate gene association studies, usually several elementary hypotheses are tested simultaneously using one particular set of data. The data normally consist of partly correlated SNP information. Every SNP can be tested for association with the disease, e.g., using the Cochran-Armitage test for trend. To account for the multiplicity of the test situation, different types of multiple testing procedures have been proposed. The question arises whether procedures taking into account the discreteness of the situation show a benefit especially in case of correlated data. We empirically evaluate several different multiple testing procedures via simulation studies using simulated correlated SN…

Statistics and ProbabilityCandidate geneContrast (statistics)computer.software_genrePolymorphism Single NucleotideSet (abstract data type)Computational MathematicsSample size determinationResamplingData Interpretation StatisticalSample SizeStatisticsMultiple comparisons problemGeneticsCochran–Armitage test for trendRange (statistics)HumansComputer SimulationDiseaseData miningMolecular BiologycomputerGenetic Association StudiesMathematicsStatistical applications in genetics and molecular biology
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Multiple Comparisons of Treatments with Stable Multivariate Tests in a Two‐Stage Adaptive Design, Including a Test for Non‐Inferiority

2000

The application of stabilized multivariate tests is demonstrated in the analysis of a two-stage adaptive clinical trial with three treatment arms. Due to the clinical problem, the multiple comparisons include tests of superiority as well as a test for non-inferiority, where non-inferiority is (because of missing absolute tolerance limits) expressed as linear contrast of the three treatments. Special emphasis is paid to the combination of the three sources of multiplicity - multiple endpoints, multiple treatments, and two stages of the adaptive design. Particularly, the adaptation after the first stage comprises a change of the a-priori order of hypotheses.

Statistics and ProbabilityMultivariate statisticsAdaptive clinical trialMultivariate analysisMultiple comparisons problemStatisticsContrast (statistics)Regression analysisGeneral MedicineStatistics Probability and UncertaintyMissing dataStatistical hypothesis testingMathematicsBiometrical Journal
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Cross-ethnic assessment of body weight and height on the basis of faces

2013

Abstract Previous research has revealed a strong relationship between mere visual facial cues and body weight. They can be exploited to validly judge the weight of the human body. We tested to what extent observers are able to judge body weight and height on the basis of same-ethnicity and different-ethnicity faces. Caucasian and Asian observers saw Caucasian and Asian faces and estimated the person’s weight and height – merely on the basis of greyscale photographs of the face. These height and weight estimates were influenced by ethnocentric specifics of familiar face proportion and face–body relationship. Own-ethnicity weight estimations showed higher accuracy than foreign-ethnicity estim…

StatisticsEthnic groupContrast (statistics)Human bodyPsychologyBody weightSocial psychologyGeneral PsychologyPersonality and Individual Differences
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The cultural mission of universities

2017

Over the last two decades, there has been a wide debate about the so‑called third mission of the University. Two discourses have occupied the proscenium: the transfer and innovation of knowledge and corporate social responsibility. In this article we postulate that both these ideas respond to approaches that do not fully take the history and status of universities as a public service into account. In contrast, we argue that the third mission, both in terms of history and in terms of the normative and pragmatic statutes, instead corresponds to culture.

StatutePolitical scienceCorporate social responsibilityNormativePublic serviceGeneral MedicineContrast (music)Public administrationAnnual Review. Debats. Revista de Cultura, Poder i Societat
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Synthetic strategy for preparation of a folate corrole DOTA heterobimetallic Cu–Gd complex as a potential bimodal contrast agent in medical imaging

2015

Abstract An efficient sequential route to synthesize heterobimetallic complexes is reported herein. A folate, Cu corrole, Gd DOTA complex that addresses the requirements of a potential contrast agent (CA) for bimodal imaging (e.g., MRI/PET) is reported. The over-expression of the folate receptor in a variety of malignant tumors, along with its limited expression in healthy tissues, makes this an attractive tumor-specific molecular target. Synthesis of a bimetallic ligand potentially targeting the folate receptor, was easily achieved in only a few steps. Interestingly, preliminary studies showed that the relaxivity of the folic heterobimetallic derivative was higher in comparison to a clinic…

StereochemistryGadoliniumMRI contrast agentOrganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementLigand (biochemistry)BiochemistryCombinatorial chemistryImaging agentchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryIn vivoFolate receptorDrug DiscoveryDOTACorroleTetrahedron Letters
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Mixed micelles composed of Peptides and Gadolinium complexes as tumor-specific contrast agents in MRI: a SANS study

2004

A detailed structural investigation on mixed micelle aggregates as target-specific contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging technique has been carried out by way of small angle neutron scattering measurements. These mixed micelles are formed by two new amphiphilic molecules formed by a bioactive peptide and a claw moiety. The first molecule, C18H37CONH(AdOO)(x)-G-CCK8 (C18LxCCK8, x = 2, 5), contains an 18-carbon-atom alkylic chain bound to the C-terminal of the cholecystokinin octapeptide amide (CCK 26-33 or CCK8) and is able to bind to the overexpressed CCK receptor of some tumor cells. The second molecule, C(18)H(37)CONHLys(DTPAGlu)CONH25- (C18DTPAGlu) or its gadolinium complex [C(1…

StereochemistryGadoliniumMicelles Peptide Nanocarriers SANSContrast Media Gadolinium amide protonchemistry.chemical_elementCholecystokinin receptorMicelleSmall-angle neutron scatteringSurfaces Coatings and FilmsJchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryAmideMaterials ChemistryMoietyMoleculeChelationddc:530Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
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Diffusion of ionic and non-ionic contrast agents in articular cartilage with increased cross-linking--contribution of steric and electrostatic effect…

2013

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of threose-induced collagen cross-linking on diffusion of ionic and non-ionic contrast agents in articular cartilage. Design Osteochondral plugs (O=6mm) were prepared from bovine patellae and divided into two groups according to the contrast agent to be used in contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging: (I) anionic ioxaglate and (II) non-ionic iodixanol. The groups I and II contained 7 and 6 sample pairs, respectively. One of the paired samples served as a reference while the other was treated with threose to induce collagen cross-linking. The equilibrium partitioning of the contrast agents was imaged after 24h of immersion. Fixed char…

Steric effectsCartilage ArticularStatic ElectricityBiomedical EngineeringBiophysicsIonic bondingContrast Mediata3111Diffusionchemistry.chemical_compoundmedicineAnimalsPentosidineta315PyridinolinebiologyThreoseCartilageta3141Iodixanolmedicine.anatomical_structureProteoglycanchemistrybiology.proteinBiophysicsCattleCollagenTomography X-Ray ComputedBiomedical engineeringmedicine.drugMedical engineeringphysics
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LE COSTANTI PROCESSUALPENALISTICHE NEL CONTRASTO AL TERRORISMO E ALLA MAFIA

2019

L'articolo analizza le costanti e le variabili della risposta legislativa e giurisprudenziale al contrasto dei fenomeni mafiosi. La lotta al terrorismo negli anni ’70 è infatti stata condotta sfruttando il rudimentale armamentario offerto della prima prevenzione antimafia e – a sua volta – ha fornito le basi di risposta all’offensiva contro la mafia negli anni ’80 sul versante relativo alle istituzioni investigative, penitenziarie, politico amministrative. Lungo questo continuum nella dimensione contemporanea i “buoni” risultati ottenuti sul fronte mafioso hanno aperto la strada al contrasto delle nuove forme di terrorismi interni e internazionali di matrice religiosa con una progressiva im…

Storia d'ItaliaSettore IUS/16 - Diritto Processuale PenaleMafiaStrategie del ContrastoTerrorismo
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