Search results for "COPD"

IL-17A induces chromatin remodeling promoting IL-8 release in bronchial epithelial cells: Effect of Tiotropium

2016

Abstract Aims IL-17A plays a key role in the persistence of airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduction of steroid-sensitivity in COPD. We studied the effect of IL-17A on chromatin remodeling and IL-8 production. Main methods We measured the levels of IL-8 and IL-17A in induced sputum supernatants (ISS) from healthy controls (HCs), healthy smokers (HSs), and COPD patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) was stimulated with ISS from HCs, HSs, or COPD subjects. IL-8 was evaluated in 16HBE by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), acetyl histone H3 (Ac-His H3) (k9) and inhi…

Cigarette smoke alters IL-33 expression and release in airway epithelial cells

2014

AbstractAirway epithelium is a regulator of innate immune responses to a variety of insults including cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke alters the expression and the activation of Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), an innate immunity receptor. IL-33, an alarmin, increases innate immunity Th2 responses. The aims of this study were to explore whether mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) or sera from smokers have altered concentrations of IL-33 and whether cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) alter both intracellular expression (mRNA and protein) and release of IL-33 in bronchial epithelial cells. The role of TLR4 in the expression of IL-33 was also explored.Mini-BALs, but not sera, from smokers show red…

Differences in the efficacy and safety among inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)/long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) combinations in the treatment of chronic…

2015

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are frequently recommended for the treatment of asthma and COPD, often in combination with long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA), depending on the severity of the disease and/or on the specific phenotype. Several ICS/LABA combinations are currently available that differ in their pharmacokinetic characteristics and dose of both components. Thus, this review assesses differences in the efficacy and the safety profiles of the ICS components in the two more frequently used ICS/LABA combinations (budesonide/formoterol and fluticasone/salmeterol) for the management of COPD. Whereas the basic mechanism of action is similar for all ICS (binding with the intracellular gluco…

Budesonide/formoterol for the treatment of asthma.

2003

Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort), AstraZeneca plc) is a novel treatment for asthma, combining an inhaled corticosteroid - budesonide, and a long-acting beta(2)-agonist - formoterol, in a single inhaler, the Turbuhaler. Randomised, clinical studies in patients with asthma have demonstrated that budesonide/formoterol is more effective than the inhaled corticosteroids, budesonide and fluticasone alone, and at least as effective as both monocomponents in separate inhalers. Results from clinical studies suggest a synergistic effect when both drugs are administered via one inhaler, although the mechanisms for this are not fully understood. Budesonide/formoterol has a rapid onset of effect, appar…

Safety Considerations of Inhaled Corticosteroids in the Elderly

2014

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are widely used in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. However, high-dose regimens and long-term use of ICSs have the potential to cause a variety of local and systemic side effects such as candidiasis, cataracts, glaucoma, and osteoporosis. The use of ICSs can also be associated with the risk of bone fractures, diabetes mellitus and pneumonia. These ICS-related side effects are of particular importance in elderly patients due to the presence of comorbidities and age-related behavioral, cognitive, and psychological problems, which can all interact with inhaled treatment. We reviewed the available literature on the clinically …

Spirometric criteria to diagnose airway obstruction in the elderly: fixed ratio vs. lower limit of normal.

2015

COPD is the most common chronic lung disease. It becomes more prevalent with increasing age but remains under-diagnosed in the elderly. A heated debate concerns the most suitable way to diagnose airway obstruction in this age group. Most COPD guidelines recommend to use a FEV1/FVC of 0.70 as threshold to define an obstructive ventilatory defect. While the use of a 0.70 ratio may be simple, it may result in under-diagnosis of airflow obstruction in young people and over-diagnosis in the elderly due to an age-related decline in pulmonary volumes, especially in FEV1. This might lead to unnecessary use of medications and increased risk of adverse effects. A proposed strategy for reducing the mi…

Effects of cigarette smoke in tissue-engineered human bronchial mucosa: new insights on COPD pathogenesis.

2012

Mechanisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: comparisons with asthma

2009

The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of COPD are complex and have been largely studied; however, the underlying factors are not completely understood. Chronic airway inflammation is a key characteristic of COPD and specific inflammatory abnormalities exist even in the airways of subjects with mild and asymptomatic clinical patterns. In addressing these mechanisms, a comparison with asthma becomes fundamental, since the latter shows clinical and functional aspects that overlap with those observed in COPD. The mechanisms of inflammation in COPD, and their similarities and differences with asthma are therefore discussed in this article. The diagnosis of chronic obstru…

Role of chronic exsposure to cigarette smoke on endoglin/CD105 expression in airway epithelium.

2015

Dysregulation of airway epithelial cell function related to cigarette smoke exposure plays an important role in the pathophysiology of COPD and is associated to tissue damage and disease severity. CD105 is a component of the receptor complex of TGF-β, a pleiotropic cytokine involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation and migration. CD105 regulates the expression of different components of the extracellular matrix suggesting a role of CD105 in cellular transmigration and remodeling processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of endoglin/CD105 in airway epithelium of COPD patients and its involvement in tissue remodeling and progression of COPD. We evalua…

Downregulation of IL-27 bronchial epithelial expression by heat-shock protein-60

2013

Background Heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is ubiquitous and highly conserved Molecular chaperone. Hsp60 plays an important role in protein folding, inflammation, and tissue repair. We previously reported increased levels of HSP60 in COPD patients, suggesting a role for HSP60 in the inflammatory response in COPD. This study is aimed to evaluate the HSP60 immunomodulatory activity and Th1/Tc1 cytokines (IL-27/INFγ) production in Human Bronchial Epithelial cells line (16HBE). Methods 16HBE were plated in 6 wells plate with Dulbecco’s modified Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM) and exposed to various concentrations of HSP60 protein (1 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL and 1 µg/mL) for 8 and 24 hours. Induction of H…