Search results for "CORT"
showing 10 items of 3558 documents
δ 1‐OPIOID receptor‐mediated controlofacetylcholine (ACh) release in human neocortex slices
1998
In slices of human neocortex, prelabelled with [3H]-choline, the release of [3H]-acetylcholine reflects the evoked release of endogenous acetylcholine which was elicited by the same electrical stimulation paradigm. [3H]-Acetylcholine release was depressed by the delta-opioid receptor agonist D-Pen2-D-Pen5-enkephalin. When the nerve endings were depolarized by elevating extracellular potassium the evoked [3H]-acetylcholine release was similarly depressed by D-Pen2-D-Pen5-enkephalin in the absence, but not in the presence, of tetrodotoxin which blocks action potential propagation. Therefore, the delta-opioid receptor inhibiting [3H]-acetylcholine release should not be located to cholinergic n…
Exercise loading and cortical bone distribution at the tibial shaft
2011
Cortical bone is not a uniform tissue, and its apparent density [cortical volumetric density (vBMD)] varies around the bone cross-section as well as along the axial length of the bone. It is not yet known, whether the varying vBMD distribution is attributable to modulation in the predominant loads affecting bone. The aim of the present study was to compare the cortical bone mass distribution through the bone cortex (radial distribution) and around the center of mass (polar distribution) among 221 premenopausal women aged 17-40 years representing athletes involved in high impact, odd impact, high magnitude, repetitive low impact, repetitive non-impact sports and leisure time physical activit…
Acute hormonal responses to heavy resistance exercise in younger and older men
1998
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute responses of several hormones [total and free testosterone (TT and FT, respectively), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (C), growth hormone (GH), and insulin (INS)] to a single bout of heavy resistance exercise (HRE). Eight younger [30-year (30y) group] and nine older [62-year (62y) group] men matched for general physical characteristics and activity levels performed four sets of ten repetitions maximum (RM) squats with 90 s rest between sets. Blood samples were obtained from each subject via an indwelling cannula with a saline lock pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise (IP), and 5, 15 and 30 min post-exercise. Levels o…
Glucose but Not Protein or Fat Load Amplifies the Cortisol Response to Psychosocial Stress
2002
We previously reported that glucose intake amplifies cortisol response to psychosocial stress and smoking in healthy young men, while low blood glucose levels prevented the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. However, it remains unknown whether this modulation is specific for glucose load or a more common effect of energy availability. To elucidate this question, 37 healthy men, who fasted for at least 8 h before the experiment, were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, who received glucose (n = 8), protein (n = 10), fat (n = 10), and water (n = 9), one h before their exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Blood glucose levels were…
Visual-motion suppression in congenital pendular nystagmus.
2009
Patients with a congenital pendular nystagmus are known not to experience oscillopsia in a normal visual environment. The data of a 31-year-old female patient suffering from a congenital pendular nystagmus are presented. The aim of the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) experiment was to analyze the regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) during minimal as well as maximal nystagmus. Video-oculography showed a maximum in frequency of the horizontal pendular nystagmus during gaze to the left, whereas the zone of minimal nystagmus was 10 degrees to the right. Two sessions with an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose tracer were performed to analyze cerebral blood-glucose utilizati…
Thalamic infarctions cause side-specific suppression of vestibular cortex activations.
2005
H2O15-PET was performed during caloric vestibular stimulation of the right and left external ears in eight right-handed patients with acute unilateral infarctions or haemorrhages of the posterolateral thalamus (four right, four left). The posterolateral thalamus is the relay station for ipsi- and contralateral ascending vestibular input to the multiple multisensory vestibular cortex areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differential effects of unilateral vestibular thalamic lesions on thalamo-cortical projections, right hemispheric dominance and reciprocal inhibitory visual-vestibular interaction, as well as perceptual and ocular motor consequences during caloric irrigation. The …
Different generators in human temporal-parasylvian cortex account for subdural laser-evoked potentials, auditory-evoked potentials, and event-related…
2000
In order to localize cortical areas mediating pain we now report subdural cortical potentials evoked by auditory stimulation (auditory-evoked potentials - AEPs) and by cutaneous stimulation with a laser (laser-evoked potentials - LEPs). Stimulation with the laser evokes a pure pain sensation by selective activation of nociceptors. LEPs were maximal over the inferior aspect of the central sulcus and had the same polarity on either side of the sylvian fissure. AEPs were maximal posterior to the LEP maximum and had opposite polarity on opposite sides of the sylvian fissure, consistent with the location of a known generator in the temporal operculum. Auditory P3 (event-related) potentials were …
Interindividual synchronization of brain activity during live verbal communication
2013
Verbal social interaction plays an important role both in the etiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, the neural basis of social interaction has primarily been studied in the individual brain, neglecting the inter-individual perspective. Here, we show inter-individual neuronal coupling of brain activity during live verbal interaction, by investigating 11 pairs of good female friends who were instructed to speak about autobiographical life events during simultaneous fMRI acquisition. The analysis revealed that the time course of neural activity in areas associated with speech production was coupled with the time course of neural activity in the interlocutor's auditory corte…
PSA-NCAM expression in the human prefrontal cortex.
2006
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult rodents is capable of undergoing neuronal remodeling and neuroimaging studies in humans have revealed that the structure of this region also appears affected in different psychiatric disorders. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying this plasticity are still unclear. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) may mediate these structural changes through its anti-adhesive properties. PSA-NCAM participates in neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis and changes in its expression occur parallel to neuronal remodeling in certain regions of the adult brain. PSA-NCAM is expressed in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of adult hum…
Cryopreservation and autotransplantation of human ovarian tissue prior to cytotoxic therapy – A technique in its infancy but already successful in fe…
2008
Increasing survival rates in young cancer patients, new reproductive techniques and the growing interest in quality of life after gonadotoxic cancer therapies have placed fertility preservation as an important issue to oncologists, fertility specialists and patients. Several techniques are now available for fertility preservation in these patients. A new promising method is cryopreservation and transplantation of ovarian cortex. Ovarian tissue can be extracted by laparoscopy without any significant delay of gonadotoxic therapy. The tissue can be cryopreserved by specialised centres of reproductive medicine and transplanted in case the women experience premature ovarian failure (POF). This r…