Search results for "CRA"
showing 10 items of 4890 documents
Dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar complex causing neural compression
2014
Dear Editor, We have read with great interest the paper of Yuh et al.[4] reporting a case of symptomatic hydrocephalus due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) compressing the brainstem. Ectatic or pathologically enlarged vertebrobasilar arteries have been reported with increasing frequency and associated with several clinical syndromes. These include an assortment of cranial nerve syndromes, transient or permanent motor deficit, cerebellar dysfunction, central sleep apnea, ischemic stroke, hypertension, and hydrocephalus as reported in the paper by Yuh et al.[4] Others and we have also described pyramidal tract signs and cranial nerve nucleus dysfunction caused by vascular compression o…
Neuropathology of Cerebellar Infarction: Its Morphology in Comparison to Selective Postmortem Angiography of Cerebellar Arteries
1994
A typology of infarctions [11, 20] is established for the cerebral hemispheres and has recently also been used, chiefly in neuroradiological diagnosis, for cerebellar infarctions [2–5, 8, 10, 16]. Detailed clinical [12] and microangiographic [7, 9, 13, 15, 17] investigations of the vascularization of the posterior cranial fossa can be referred to in this context. With the aid of selective postmortem angiograms we examined the territories of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) on serial sections in the three planes of projection. The sagittal plane offers decisive advantages for assigning cerebellar…
Akustikusneurinom als Ursache einer progredienten kindlichen Hörstörung
2003
Background: Neurinomas of the vestibulocochlear nerve unrelated to neurofibromatosis in children are extremely rare. Only 20 cases in children under the age of 16 are reported in the literature. Progressive unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo and neurological deficits due to cranial nerve or brainstem compression are clinical signs. Patient and Results: We report on the case of a 12-years-old girl with an unilateral hearing loss, progressing to total deafness. Otoacoustic emissions were normal. In the MRI a large cerebellopontine angle tumor was found, identified as schwannoma of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Conclusions: The importance of MR Imaging in children with progressive unila…
Cerebrovascular Brainstem Diseases with Isolated Cranial Nerve Palsies
2002
There is a significant number of individual patients with cranial nerve palsies as the sole manifestation of MRI- and, less frequently, CT-documented small brainstem infarctions or hemorrhages. The 3rd and 6th nerves are most commonly involved and, less frequently, the 4th, 5th, 7th, and 8th nerves. An intra-axial basis for such lesions may be underestimated if the diagnosis is based solely on MRI. The electrophysiologic abnormalities indicating brainstem lesions may be independent of MRI-documented morphological lesions. This paper reviews the literature on cerebrovascular brainstem diseases manifesting as isolated cranial nerve palsies. It supports the concept that small pontine and mesen…
Transkranielle Dopplersonographie bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren*
1991
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) recording is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of the cerebral collateral flow in patients, in whom therapeutic ligation or resection of the common and/or internal carotid artery is planned. Patients are first examined under resting conditions, and then under manual compression of the ipsilateral carotid artery. Since January 1989, 31 ENT and neurosurgical patients have been examined. In all patients an immediate decrease in flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (mca) of about 25% to 90% was recorded. In 42.8% of the patients the mca flow velocity reached 90% or more of its value under normal conditions within a short period. …
Spontaneous Resorption of an Occipital Meningocele: Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation
2016
Cranial meningocele is a very rare variant of encephalocele. Meningocele can be associated with other disorders and may cause complications. Therapy is usually based on surgical treatment. To our knowledge, we describe the first case of spontaneous resorption of an occipital meningocele in a full-term newborn boy. A full-term newborn was noted to have a large non-skin covered, semitransparent cystic lump in the occipital bone. He underwent computed tomography and a diagnosis of meningocele was proposed. After a few hours, the cystic lump spontaneously readsorbed. After 1 week the patient underwent magnetic resonance. Histology confirmed the diagnosis.
<title>Flexible neuroendoscopy with laser and microsystem technique</title>
1994
The use of flexible neuroendoscopic techniques in neurosurgical procedures is routinely performed in the spinal canal and in the intracranial subdural space. Treated entities are syringomyelia, tumors with concomitant syrinxes in spinal cord, cystic legions in the subdural and subarachnoid space in the spinal canal as myelomeningoceles.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Role of neurophysiology in the clinical practice of primary pediatric headaches
2007
The role of electrophysiological studies in pediatric headaches is controversial. In childhood headaches, neurophysiological examinations are of interest for potential clinical use because they are noninvasive and are scarcely influenced by environmental factors or drug use. Electrophysiological studies in childhood headache principally explored the role of electroencephalographic (EEG) evaluations in migraine, while less evidence has been reported about other neurophysiological techniques, such as evoked potentials, event-related potentials, and, less often, transcranial magnetic stimulation. In this brief review, we point out our attention to the aid of neurophysiological methods in the c…
Video-Assisted Navigation for Adjustment of Image-Guidance Accuracy to Slight Brain Shift
2015
Background Information supplied by an image-guidance system can be superimposed on the operating microscope oculars or on a screen, generating augmented reality. Recently, the outline of a patient's head and skull, injected in the oculars of a standard operating microscope, has been used to check the registration accuracy of image guidance. Objective To propose the use of the brain surface relief and superficial vessels for real-time intraoperative visualization and image-guidance accuracy and for intraoperative adjustment for brain shift. Methods A commercially available image-guidance system and a standard operating microscope were used. Segmentation of the brain surface and cortical bloo…
Functional MRI and motor behavioral changes obtained with constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic stroke
2011
Background: The clinical benefits of intensive stroke rehabilitation vary individually. We used multimodal functional imaging to assess the relationship of clinical gain and imaging changes in patients with chronic stroke whose voluntary motor control improved after constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). Methods: Eleven patients (37.6 ± 36.8 months from stroke) were studied by functional MRI (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and behavioral assessment of hand motor control (Wolf Motor Function Test) before and after 2 weeks of CIMT. Individual and group-level changes in imaging and behavioral parameters were investigated. Results: Increase in fMRI activation in the sen…