Search results for "CYP"
showing 10 items of 480 documents
Rehabilitation of Barbus lorteti Sauvage, 1882, and comments on the validity of the generic names Bertinius Fang, 1943, and Bertinichthys Whitley, 19…
1985
The validity of Barbus lorteti Sauvage, 1882, a cyprinid fish endemic to the lower course of the Orontes river in Syria and Turkey which Karaman synonymized with Barbus longiceps, is reaffirmed. A lectotype is designated and a redescription is given. The most outstanding morphological feature of Barbus lorteti — a pharyngeal formula of 2.3.4–4.3.2, the first tooth of the inner row being enlarged and molariform, which is shared by Barbus subquincunciatus from the Tigris-Euphrates basin and Barbus longiceps from the Jordan river basin — is regarded as an adaptation to a molluscan diet. Its occurrence in the three species in question is due to convergence and does not indicate a monophyletic o…
Presence of Fusarium emerging mycotoxins in tiger-nuts commercialized in Spain
2012
Abstract Tiger-nuts are tubers from the plant Cyperus esculentus which are commercialized in some regions of West and Central Africa, USA and Spain. These tubers have a high microbial charge such as bacteria, moulds and yeasts which could remain until the finished product. In this study we examined 47 samples of tiger-nut tubers purchased from Spanish supermarkets for contamination with the emerging Fusarium mycotoxins: Enniatins ENs (EN A, EN A1, EN B and EN B1), beauvericin (BEA) and fusaproliferin (FUS). The extraction of the samples was carried out with methanol using an Ultraturrax homogenizer. Mycotoxins were analyzed with a liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a diode array detector…
Comparison of the chemopreventive efficacies of garlic powders with different alliin contents against aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity in rats
2004
Garlic (Allium sativum) is well known for its beneficial effects on health and particularly for its chemopreventive potential against cancer. The present study was designed to compare the chemopreventive efficacies of several garlic powders with various levels of alliin, a precursor of active sulfur compounds. For this purpose we used the medium-term hepatocarcinogenesis protocol (resistant hepatocyte model), which allows the detection of preneoplasic foci expressing the placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) as an end-point. Rats were fed diets containing three garlic powders (5% of the diet) with various alliin contents for 3 weeks. Garlic powders were obtained from bulbs gro…
Isomer-nonspecific action of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on aryl hydrocarbon receptor and G-protein-coupled receptor 30 intracellular signaling i…
2014
Abstract Extended residual persistence of the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) raises concerns about its long-term neurotoxic effects. Little is known, however, about DDT toxicity during the early stages of neural development. This study demonstrated that DDT-induced apoptosis of mouse embryonic neuronal cells is a caspase-9-, caspase-3-, and GSK-3β-dependent process, which involves p,p’ -DDT-specific impairment of classical ERs. It also provided evidence for DDT-isomer-nonspecific alterations of AhR- and GPR30-mediated intracellular signaling, including changes in the levels of the receptor and receptor-regulated mRNAs, and also changes in the protein levels of the receptors…
The role of red yeast rice (RYR) supplementation in plasma cholesterol control: A review and expert opinion.
2019
1. Preamble : Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) [1]. Increased levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and many clinical trials have shown that reducing LDL-C levels significantly reduced the CHD and CVD risk [[2], [3], [4], [5]]. Thus LDL-C-lowering is the main approach for the management of cardiovascular disease. Current guidelines suggest LDL-C levels targets based on the individual CV risk; such targets can be achieved by several means, which include both lifestyle changes and pharmacological approaches [6], with statins being the cornerstone …
Quantitative RT-PCR measurement of human cytochrome P-450s: application to drug induction studies.
2000
A quantitative RT-PCR assay has been developed that is able to measure the mRNA content of the major human CYPs (1A1, 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4, and 3A5). The technique is highly specific, reproducible, rapid, and sensitive enough to quantitate low and high abundant mRNAs. The PCR primers were selected to specifically match each CYP mRNA, to have a very close annealing temperature, and to render PCR products of similar sizes. The PCR conditions were designed to allow the simultaneous measurement of the various human liver CYPs in a single run. To achieve precise and reproducible quantitation of each cytochrome mRNA, a external standard (luciferase mRNA) is added to the probes …
Sex-dependent genetic markers of CYP3A4 expression and activity in human liver microsomes
2007
Objective: To find genetic markers of the individual cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A expression. Methods: A large collection of liver samples phenotyped for CYP3A expression and activity was genotyped for CYP3A variants. Data were analyzed for associations between CYP3A phenotypes and genotypes, and for evidence of recent selection. Results: We report associations between the hepatic CYP3A4 protein expression level, as well as its enzymatic activity, measured as verapamil N-dealkylation, and genetic polymorphisms from two regions within the CYP3A gene cluster. One region is defined by several variants, mostly located within CYP3A7, the other by a single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 7 of CYP3A…
Constitutive and inducible expression of CYP enzymes in immortal hepatocytes derived from SV40 transgenic mice
2003
1. The expression of liver-specific transcription factors and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes have been studied in three new hepatocyte-like cell lines derived from SV Delta 202 transgenic mice: AMH-Delta 202 (adult mouse hepatocytes), TAMH-Delta 202 (tumour-derived adult mouse hepatocytes) and NMH-Delta 202 (newborn mouse hepatocytes). 2. mRNA levels of liver-enriched transcription factors such as D-element binding protein (DBP), liver-enriched transcription activating protein (LAP) and the hepatic nuclear factors (HNF) 1, 2 and 3 in all Delta 202 transgenic hepatocyte lines were similar to those in the wild-type liver and in primary mouse hepatocytes. 3. Analysis of basal CYP activities and…
Role and importance of polymorphisms with respect to DNA methylation for the expression of CYP2E1 enzyme
2014
Different individuals possess slightly different genetic information and show genetically-determined differences in several enzyme activities due to genetic variability. Following an integrated approach, we studied the polymorphisms and methylation of sites contained in the 5' flanking region of the metabolizing enzyme CYP2E1 in correlation to its expression in both tumor and non-neoplastic liver cell lines, since to date little is known about the influence of these (epi)genetic elements in basal conditions and under induction by the specific inductor and a demethylating agent. In treated cells, reduced DNA methylation, assessed both at genomic and gene level, was not consistently associate…
Genotype and Allele Frequencies of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Drug Transporter Genes Affecting Immunosuppressants in the Spanish White Population
2013
Interpatient variability in drug response can be widely explained by genetically determined differences in metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and drug targets, leading to different pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic behaviors of drugs. Genetic variations affect or do not affect drug responses depending on their influence on protein activity and the relevance of such proteins in the pathway of the drug. Also, the frequency of such genetic variations differs among populations, so the clinical relevance of a specific variation is not the same in all of them. In this study, a panel of 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 14 different genes (ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C…