Search results for "CYTOKINE"
showing 10 items of 1787 documents
Inflammation et immunité : implications dans l’obésité et le diabète de type 2
2006
The evidences have been increasingly accumulated on the implication of inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathological states related to insulin resistance like obesity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. There seems a link between insulin resistance and these pro-inflammatory agents, secreted by macrophages and adipocytes. Th (helper) cells are differentiated into either Th1 or Th2 phenotypes. It is generally considered that Th1 phenotype is pro-inflammatory whereas Th2 phenotype exerts anti-inflammatory (protective) effects. The upregulation of Th1 phenotype may aggravate these pathologies. One of the adipokines, i.e., adiponectin…
Exposure to ototoxic agents and hearing loss: A review of current knowledge
2014
Several experimental and clinical studies have shown that a variety of ototoxic agents (such as drugs, industrial chemicals and noise) can cause sensorineural hearing loss. The most common ototoxic drugs used in clinical practice include: aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics, quinoline anti-malarials, platinum analog antineoplastics, loop diuretics, and acetylsalicylic acid. Among chemical agents with potential ototoxic properties are: organic solvents, heavy metals, organotins, nitriles, asphyxiants, and pesticides/herbicides. Acoustic exposure to high intensity and/or prolonged noise can also cause permanent threshold shifts in auditory perception. Ototoxic agents can influence audito…
Inhibition of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway Mediates the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Petrosaspongiolide M
2003
Petrosaspongiolide M (PT) is a potent secretory phospholipase A(2) inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent. This marine metabolite reduced the production of nitrite, prostaglandin E(2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the mouse air pouch injected with zymosan. These effects were also observed in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with zymosan. Inhibition of these inflammatory mediators was related to reductions in inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. Since nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) appears to play a central role in the transcriptional regulation of these proteins by macrophages, we investigated the effects of PT on thi…
Cytokine expression and antigen-presenting capacity of 4F7 + dendritic cells derived from dermis, spleen, and lymph nodes
1997
We took advantage of the recently generated 4F7 mAb, which recognizes an epitope expressed on dendritic cells (DC) from different tissues, to freshly isolate and positively sort for these cells and to characterize their cytokine pattern and antigen-presenting capacity in comparison with epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses demonstrated constitutive mRNA expression of MIP-1 gamma, MIP-1 alpha, C10, and IL-1 beta in both 4F7+ DC and LC. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment resulted in the upregulation of mRNA expression of all four cytokines and in a newly detected signal for TNF alpha. Immunoblot analysis showed constitutive secretion of MIP-1 gamma, with LPS trea…
Human herpes virus 8 interleukin-6 homologue triggers gp130 on neuronal and hematopoietic cells
2000
Human herpes virus-8 (HHV8) encodes a cytokine named viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) that shares 25% amino-acid identity with its human homologue. Human IL-6 is known to be a growth and differentiation factor of lymphatic cells and plays a potential role in the pathophysiology of various lymphoproliferative diseases. vIL-6 is expressed in HHV8-associated-diseases including Kaposi's sarcoma, Body-cavity-based-lymphoma and Castleman's disease, suggesting a pathogenetic involvement in the malignant growth of B-cell associated diseases and other malignant tumours. We expressed vIL-6 in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with recombinant periplasmic maltose binding protein. After cleavage from the…
Heat shock protein expression and anti-heat shock protein reactivity in renal cell carcinoma.
2002
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are families of highly conserved proteins which are induced in cells and tissues upon exposure to extreme conditions causing acute or chronic stress. They exhibit distinct functions and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cancer. A causal relationship between HSP expression and immunogenicity has been demonstrated in murine and human tumors and is also associated with the immune response. In order to investigate the correlation of HSP expression and their immunogenic potential in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we here analyzed (i) the protein expression profile of various members of the HSP family in untreated and interferon (IF…
Recombinant Human Single Chain Fv Antibodies Recognizing Human Interleukin-6
1998
A human antibody library was displayed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage and screened for binding to human interleukin-6 (IL-6). Two antibody-bearing phages were selected that bound IL-6. The complementary-determining region 3 loops of the variable heavy chains of these two antibodies differed in length and sequence and recognized two distinct epitopes. One of the single chain Fv fragments isolated (H1) was found to bind human (but not murine) IL-6 with an affinity comparable to that of the human IL-6 receptor. H1 also recognized newly synthesized human IL-6 intracellularly, as shown by indirect immunofluorescence. H1 did not neutralize human IL-6, and the H1 epitope was mapped to…
Lovastatin stimulates p75 TNF receptor (TNFR2) expression in primary human endothelial cells
2005
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) exert pleiotropic physiological effects. Among others they attenuate cellular responses to genotoxic and inflammatory stress. We investigated the effect of lovastatin on the expression level of TNF receptors (TNFR) in primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC). ELISA, FACS and immunocytochemical analyses show that lovastatin selectively increases the cell surface expression of TNFR2 without affecting the expression level of TNFR1. This effect of lovastatin is independent from inhibition of cell-cycle progression since cells both in G1- and G2-phase showed elevated levels of TNFR2 after lovastatin treatment. To analyze the physiological relevance of lovast…
Influence of extracellular matrix proteins on the development of cultured human dendritic cells.
1998
The development of dendritic cells (DC) is still only partly understood. Recently established culture systems using CD34+ cells or monocytes as precursor cells for the generation of DC indicate the necessity of pro-inflammatory cytokines for their development. In vivo the contact to other cells or to the proteins of the extracellular matrix might also be essential for their development. In our experiments we used granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor- and IL-4-treated human monocytes as precursor cells to investigate the interaction of DC at different maturation stages with the matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen type I and collagen type IV. We demonstrate a strong beta1-integr…
Immune-Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimers Disease: Therapeutic Implications
2010
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous and progressive neurodegenerative disease which in Western society mainly accounts for clinical dementia. AD has been linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. Neuro-pathological hallmarks are senile plaques, resulting from the accumulation of several proteins and an inflammatory reaction around deposits of amyloid, a fibrillar protein, Abeta, product of cleavage of a much larger protein, the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and neurofibrillary tangles. Inflammation clearly occurs in pathologically vulnerable regions of AD and several inflammatory factors influencing AD development, i.e. environmental factors (pro-inflammatory phenotype) an…