Search results for "CYTOKINE"

Increased expression of interleukin-22 in patients with giant cell arteritis

2017

Objectives GCA is characterized by arterial remodelling driven by inflammation. IL-22 is an attractive cytokine which acts at the crosstalk between immune and stromal cells. We hypothesized that IL-22 might be induced in GCA and might be involved in disease pathogenesis. Methods Patients subjected to temporal artery biopsies (TABs) naive from therapy were enrolled: 27 biopsy-proven GCA, 8 biopsy-negative GCA, 21 biopsy-negative non-GCA patients. Expression of IL-22 was determined in TABs by immunohystochemistry, in plasma by ELISA, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Effects of IL-22 on viability and gene expression of primary cultures obtained from TA…

A positive impact on the serum lipid profile and cytokines after the consumption of a plant sterol-enriched beverage with a milk fat globule membrane…

2018

The hypocholesterolemic effect and the modification of serum biomarkers of a dietary plant sterol (PS) intake, cholesterol precursors and cytokines after the consumption of milk-based fruit beverages with a milk fat globule membrane were evaluated by a randomized, double-blind, crossover, multiple dose bioavailability study. Postmenopausal women (n = 38) consumed daily 250 mL of a beverage with or without 2 g of PS added during 6 weeks in each of the study periods. With the intake of the PS-added beverage, significant decreases (mg dL-1) in serum total cholesterol (pre-treatment: 220.0 ± 27.8 vs. post-treatment: 212.9 ± 25.8; p < 0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (129.4 ± 28.5 vs. 121.7 ± 24.4; p <…

The route to solve the interplay between inflammation, angiogenesis and anti-cancer immune response.

2016

Even though the crucial role played by inflammation in cancer development and progression was first hypothesized by Rudolf Virchow at the beginning of the nineteenth century, only recently inflammation has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. At present, the biology underlying the humoral and cellular immune-suppressive cancer-associated inflammatory microenvironment is an active area of preclinical and clinical investigation.1, 2 Indeed, the possibility to modulate the inflammatory/immune microenvironment, by either antagonizing the tumor-associated immune-suppression or by enhancing the pre-existing anti-cancer immune response in tumor tissues, is a promising therapeutic option for ca…

Trabectedin triggers direct and NK-mediated cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma

2019

Background Genomic instability is a feature of multiple myeloma (MM), and impairment in DNA damaging response (DDR) has an established role in disease pathobiology. Indeed, a deregulation of DNA repair pathways may contribute to genomic instability, to the establishment of drug resistance to genotoxic agents, and to the escape from immune surveillance. On these bases, we evaluated the role of different DDR pathways in MM and investigated, for the first time, the direct and immune-mediated anti-MM activity of the nucleotide excision repair (NER)-dependent agent trabectedin. Methods Gene-expression profiling (GEP) was carried out with HTA2.0 Affymetrix array. Evaluation of apoptosis, cell cyc…

Immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: a bridge between research and clinical practice

2018

Lung cancer has been historically considered a poorly immunogenic disease because of the few evidence of immune responses in affected patients and the limited efficacy of immunomodulating strategies. Recent understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to cancer immune evasion has allowed the development of a new class of drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors, which reactivate host responses with outstanding clinical benefits in a portion of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize the basis of immunogenicity and immune escape of cancer, with specific focus on non-small-cell lung cancer, mechanisms underlying immune checkpoint inhibitors effica…

2018

Abstract TNFα is a prominent proinflammatory cytokine and a critical mediator for the development of many types of cancer such as breast, colon, prostate, cervical, skin, liver, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Binding of TNFα to TNFR1 can lead to divergent signaling pathways promoting predominantly NF-κB activation but also cell death. We report here that the nitric oxide (NO) donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) converts TNFα, generated from immune cells or cancer cells stimulated by chemotherapy, into a prodeath mediator in colon and mammary cancer cells. GTN-mediated S-nitrosylation of cIAP1 on cysteines 571 and 574 inhibited its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which in turn reduced Lys63-lin…

COVID-19: High-JAKing of the Inflammatory “Flight” by Ruxolitinib to Avoid the Cytokine Storm

2021

Since SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in December 2019, world health-system has been severely impacted with increased hospitalization, Intensive-Care-Unit (ICU) access and high mortality rates, mostly due to severe acute respiratory failure and multi-organ failure. Excessive and uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines (cytokine release/storm syndrome, CRS) have been linked to the development of these events. The recent advancements of immunotherapy for the treatment of hematologic and solid tumors shed light on many of the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, thus rendering desirable a multidisciplinary approach to improve COVID-19 patients’ outcome. Indeed, currently available th…

Interleukin-6 increases expression of serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 through STAT3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma

2015

Inflammation promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still being uncovered. Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates survival signaling in CRC; inflammatory signals also regulate production and activity of proteases and their inhibitors. Over-expression of serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) predicts an unfavorable outcome in colon cancer. The SPINK1 gene contains an IL-6 responsive element, suggesting it could act as an acute phase reactant. We assessed the connection between IL-6 and SPINK1, and the function and mechanism of this signaling. Our results show that Colo205 and HT-29 cells express and secrete SPIN…

Abstract LB-130: Combinatorial treatment with intratumoral cytokine mRNAs results in high frequency of tumor rejection and development of anti-tumor …

2018

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy localized to the tumor microenvironment holds great potential to promote innate and adaptive immune responses against tumors, while avoiding toxicities related to systemic administration of immuno-modulatory therapeutics. Current strategies for tumor-targeted, gene-based delivery of immune therapies face limitations in the clinic due to suboptimal target expression, anti-vector immunity, potential for unwanted genomic rearrangements and other off target effects. We developed a highly potent synthetic mRNA-based platform for in vivo transfection and sustained intratumoral expression of immuno-modulatory molecules that is capable of inducing immunity to tumor spe…

Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T-Cells - A New Way and Era for Lymphoma Treatment.

2019

Background: Patients with refractory or relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma have a poor prognosis with the current standard of care. Objective: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells (CAR T-cells) are functionally reprogrammed lymphocytes, which are able to recognize and kill tumor cells. The aim of this study is to make progress in this area. Method: A mini-review was achieved using the articles published in Web of Science and PubMed in the last year and the new patents were made in this field. Results: The responses to CAR T-cell products axicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel are promising; the objective response rate can reach up to 83%, and the complete response rate ranges betwee…