Search results for "Cain"
showing 10 items of 410 documents
Mothering under the influence: How perinatal drugs of abuse alter the mother-infant interaction
2018
AbstractAlthough drug-abusing women try to moderate their drug and alcohol use during pregnancy, they often relapse at a time when childcare needs are high and maternal bonding is critical to an infant’s development. In the clinical setting, the search for the neural basis of drug-induced caregiving deficits is complex due to several intervening variables. Rather, the preclinical studies that control for drug dose and regimen, as well as for gestational and postpartum environment, allow a precise determination of the effects of drugs on maternal behaviour. Given the relevance of the issue, this review will gather reports on the phenotypic correlates of maternal behaviour in preclinical stud…
Effects of bingeing on fat during adolescence on the reinforcing effects of cocaine in adult male mice
2016
Binge eating is a specific form of overeating characterized by intermittent excessive eating. In addition to altering the neurobiological reward system, several studies have highlighted that consumption of palatable food increases vulnerability to drug use. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet consumed in a binge pattern during adolescence on the reinforcing effects of cocaine. After 40 days of binge-eating for 2 h, three days a week (PND 29–69), the reinforcing effects of cocaine on conditioning place preference and intravenous self-administration paradigm were evaluated in adolescent male mice. Circulating leptin and ghrelin levels and the effects of…
Pharmacological modulation of protein kinases as a new approach to treat addiction to cocaine and opiates.
2016
Drug addiction shares brain mechanisms and molecular substrates with learning and memory processes, such as the stimulation of glutamate receptors and their downstream signalling pathways. In the present work we provide an up-to-date review of studies that have demonstrated the implication of the main memory-related calcium-dependent protein kinases in opiate and cocaine addiction. The effects of these drugs of abuse in different animal models of drug reward, dependence and addiction are altered by manipulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, particularly extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), the protein kinase C…
Social stress during adolescence activates long-term microglia inflammation insult in reward processing nuclei
2018
The experience of social stress during adolescence is associated with higher vulnerability to drug use. Increases in the acquisition of cocaine self-administration, in the escalation of cocaine-seeking behavior, and in the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine have been observed in rodents exposed to repeated social defeat (RSD). In addition, prolonged or severe stress induces a proinflammatory state with microglial activation and increased cytokine production. The aim of the present work was to describe the long-term effects induced by RSD during adolescence on the neuroinflammatory response and synaptic structure by evaluating different glial and neuronal markers. In addition to an inc…
Hemodynamic variations and anxiety during the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars
2019
Background The surgical removal of an impacted third molar can cause patient anxiety. Such anxiety and the use of vasoconstrictor drugs and local anesthetics in turn can induce hemodynamic variations during the operation. A study is made of the variations in hemodynamic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate) and their correlation to patient gender and anxiety during surgical removal of an impacted lower third molar. Material and methods A prospective study was carried out in the Oral Surgery Unit of a university clinic, with the inclusion of 125 patients (mean age 24.9 years). Anesthesia was administered in the form of 4% articaine and adrenalin 1:200,000 for surg…
Indomethacin blocks the increased conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine induced by repeated social defeat
2018
It is well established that repeated social defeat stress can induce negative long-term consequences such as increased anxiety-like behavior and enhances the reinforcing effect of psychostimulants in rodents. In the current study, we evaluated how the immune system may play a role in these long-term effects of stress. A total of 148 OF1 mice were divided into different experimental groups according to stress condition (exploration or social defeat) and pre-treatment (saline, 5 or 10 mg/kg of the anti-inflammatory indomethacin) before each social defeat or exploration episode. Three weeks after the last social defeat, anxiety was evaluated using an elevated plus maze paradigm. After this tes…
Rolling Psychodynamic Group for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Single-Group Study Using Multilevel Models
2017
Cocaine disorder has been shown to have an important impact on the success of treatments because it is often associated with social or occupational impairment, high relapse incidences and poor trea...
The Influence of Retention, Turnover, and Alliance on Process and Outcomes in Rolling Group Psychotherapy for Cocaine Disorder
2016
ABSTRACTA longitudinal repeated measures design was used to investigate the influence of treatment retention, and membership turnover on individual outcomes, and the relationship between individual-level and group-level therapeutic alliance in rolling group psychotherapy for individuals with cocaine abuse disorder. Eighteen patients were studied; data were collected prior to therapy and then monthly for 24 months. Patient outcomes and process were assessed. Improvements in symptoms and psychological functioning were associated with retention in psychotherapy. Membership turnover had a negative influence on symptoms. Development of an individual alliance was affected by the development of gr…
Reversed phase liquid chromatography for the enantioseparation of local anaesthetics in polysaccharide-based stationary phases. Application to biodeg…
2020
[EN] A comprehensive study on the chiral separation of bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine and propanocaine with eight commercial polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in reversed phase conditions compatible with MS detection is performed. Methanol and acetonitrile are used as organic modifiers. Retention and resolution values obtained for each compound in the different CSPs and mobile phases are compared. The polysaccharide-based CSPs tested present different enantioselectivity towards the analytes. From the results, the experimental conditions for determining the enantiomers of bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine and propanocaine in saline aqueous samples using MS detecti…
Effect of epidural anesthesia on colorectal anastomosis: a tonometric assessment.
1997
PURPOSE: Epidural anesthesia is believed to benefit colorectal anastomotic blood flow because of the sympathetic blockade it produces. Our purpose is to measure with tonometry the effect of epidural anesthesia on colorectal anastomotic oxygenation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients operated on for rectal cancer (radical anterior resection) were monitored postoperatively using tonometers placed in the stomach (celiac trunk), transverse colon (superior mesenteric artery), and the anastomotic area during the operation. An epidural catheter was placed at L1-2, and on the first postoperative day, 8 ml of bupivacaine (0.25 percent) was administered. The anesthetic effect extended up to T-4. …