Search results for "Calcium"

The influence of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound ('Ossopan') on the healing of a bone defect.

1986

A study was undertaken in 60 adult rabbits in order to determine the effects of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound on bone healing. Standardized bony defects were produced in the distal femoral epiphyses, after which animals were randomized into four equal groups. An untreated group served as a control. One group received ossein-hydroxyapatite compound, 830 mg per day, a second group received bone mineral (ossein-hydroxyapatite compound reduced to ash, to remove organic constituents), 510 mg per day, and a third group received calcium carbonate, 650 mg per day. A series of fluorescent vital markers was administered to the animals from the 7th to the 32nd day after production of the defect. A th…

Serum TRACP 5b Is a Useful Marker for Monitoring Alendronate Treatment: Comparison With Other Markers of Bone Turnover

2005

We studied clinical performance of serum TRACP 5b and other bone turnover markers, including S-CTX, U-DPD, S-PINP, S-BALP, and S-OC, for monitoring alendronate treatment. TRACP 5b had higher clinical sensitivity, area under the ROC curve, and signal-to-noise ratio than the other markers. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical performance of serum TRACP 5b (S-TRACP5b) with that of other markers of bone turnover in the monitoring of alendronate treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This double-blinded study included 148 healthy postmenopausal women that were randomly assigned into two groups: one receiving 5 mg alendronate daily (n=75) and the other receiving placebo …

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF URINARY LITHIASIS

2007

Urine is a complex balanced solution containing dissociated and non-dissociated solutes. Any variation in urine saturation grade (number of crystals dissolved in a volume of urine), urinary pH and the concentration of crystallization inhibitors can break the normal existing balance and lead to urolithiasis. In the present article we analyze the principal mechanisms (absorptive, renal, resorptive) of hypercalciuria. It will be also shown how heredity directly influences the clinical aspects of cystine, xanthine and oxalate lithiasis and how diet, in association with metabolic disorders, interferes in uric acid and oxalate stone formation. Finally, we report on the roles of urinary tract malf…

Vitamin D status and hypercholesterolemia in Spanish general population.

2013

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels have been associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. A possible relation between lipids and 25(OH)D might explain this association. This investigation aimed to determine the association between vitamin D and cholesterol, as well as the influence of statins on this association. This was a cross-sectional population-based study with 177 subjects aged 18-84 years. We collected demographics and data on sun exposure, sun protection habits, current medication including lipid-lowering drugs, and estimated vitamin D intake. Serum measurements included levels of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, total cholest…

Effects of endothelin-1 on the cerebrovascular bed of the goat.

1991

Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the cerebrovascular bed of the goat, the importance of endothelial integrity and the contribution of extracellular Ca2+ to these responses. We measured isometric tension and 45Ca2+ uptake in isolated middle cerebral arteries, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in unanesthetized animals. ET-1 elicited concentration-dependent contractions which were potentiated in arteries without endothelium. Ca2+-free medium and nicardipine inhibited, and Bay K 8644 potentiated the ET-1-induced contractions. ET-1 enhanced 45Ca2+ uptake in isolated arteries. Injections of ET-1 directly into the cerebral circulation decrease…

Influence of different CyA formulations and calcium channel blocker phenyhidine regimens on intracellular (erythrocyte) calcium levels after kidney t…

1997

Inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ release by a Rho-kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ischemic damage in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons.

2008

The effects of hydroxy fasudil, a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, on behavior and brain neuronal activity in animal studies have been described previously. However, whether a Rho-kinase inhibitor can directly protect neurons against ischemic damage and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. The present work was designed to investigate the effect of hydroxy fasudil against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced acute neuronal injury and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Pretreatment with hydroxy fasudil at 5 and 10 microM could concentration-dependently improve cell viability and decrease Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in extracellular solution of neur…

Fracture incidence and characterization in patients on osteoporosis treatment: The ICARO study

2006

None of the available osteoporosis therapies have been shown to completely abolish the risk of fractures. In clinical practice, the outcome may be even poorer. In 880 patients prescribed with antiresorptives (alendronate, risedronate, and raloxifene) for >1 year, a fragility fracture was recorded in 8.9%/year of them. This incidence is considerably higher than that observed in randomized clinical trials, and it was significantly related to poor compliance and lack of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D. Introduction: Osteoporotic fracture is one of the most important public health concerns among the elderly. Currently available therapies have been shown to significantly decrease the …

Release of [3H]acetylcholine from the isolated rat or guinea-pig trachea evoked by preganglionic nerve stimulation; a comparison with transmural stim…

1991

Basal and stimulated outflow of radioactive acetylcholine, phosphorylcholine and choline from rat and guinea-pig isolated tracheae were measured by reverse phase HPLC followed by liquid-scintillation-spectrometry. Tracheae were stimulated either by an electrical field (transmural stimulation) or by a local stimulation of the innervating parasympathetic nerves (preganglionic stimulation). Epithelium was removed in most experiments, as the epithelium inhibits acetylcholine release. The basal tritium efflux (1,600 dpm/3min) from rat isolated tracheae incubated with [3H]choline consisted of 56% [3H]phosphorylcholine and 38% [3H]choline. Preganglionic stimulation (15 Hz, 1,200 pulses) caused a 2…

Mechanisms underlying noise-induced hearing loss

2006

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the worldwide leading occupational disease and presents an important socio-economic factor. Despite numerous identified details about its etiology, the underlying mechanisms, which induce NIHL, have been only partially identified. In the present article, we shall discuss possible mechanisms focusing on failure in cellular calcium regulation, leading to a rise in mitochondrial NO production and reactive oxygen species formation. In cases where radical production is significantly elevated, pathological concentrations lead to alterations of cell physiological conditions and finally contribute to NIHL. A more detailed knowledge about the induction of free ra…