Search results for "Candidiasis"

Inhibition of Filamentation Can Be Used To Treat Disseminated Candidiasis

2006

ABSTRACT Candida albicans remains the leading causative agent of invasive fungal infection. Although the importance of filamentation in C. albicans pathogenesis has been extensively investigated, in vivo studies to date have been unable to dissect the role of this developmental process in the establishment of infection versus the development of active disease as characterized by damage to the host leading to mortality. To address this issue, we genetically engineered a C. albicans tet-NRG1 strain in which filamentation and virulence can be modulated both in vitro and in vivo simply by the presence or absence of doxycycline (DOX): this strain enabled us, in a prior study, to demonstrate that…

Pga13 in Candida albicans is localized in the cell wall and influences cell surface properties, morphogenesis and virulence.

2011

The fungal cell wall is an essential organelle required for maintaining cell integrity and also plays an important role in the primary interactions between pathogenic fungi and their hosts. PGA13 encodes a GPI protein in the human pathogen Candida albicans, which is highly up-regulated during cell wall regeneration in protoplasts. The Pga13 protein contains a unique tandem repeat, which is present five times and is characterized by conserved spacing between the four cysteine residues. Furthermore, the mature protein contains 38% serine and threonine residues, and therefore probably is a highly glycosylated cell wall protein. Consistent with this, a chimeric Pga13-V5 protein could be localiz…

Low dosage liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of Candida infections in critically ill patients.

2011

Untargeted Antifungal Treatment in the ICU: Changing Definitions and Labels Do Not Change the Evidence.

2018

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In vitro antifungal properties of mouthrinses containing antimicrobial agents

1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro antifungal properties of seven commercial mouthrinses containing antimicrobial agents. These included cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), hexetidine (HEX), sanguinarine (SNG), and triclosan (TRN). The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against six species of yeasts was determined by a broth macrodilution method. The kill-time of mouthrinses at half the concentration of the commercial formulations was also determined. MFCs were achieved with each mouthrinse, except the SNG-containing mouthrinse, against all the organisms being tested. However, the CPC-containing mouthrinse appeared more active than the…

Untargeted Antifungal Treatment Strategies for Invasive Candidiasis in Non-neutropenic Critically Ill Patients: Current Evidence and Insights

2017

Purpose of Review: The purpose of this study was to provide an overview and insights on important new concepts on untargeted antifungal treatment strategies, namely prophylaxis pre-emptive and empiric treatments for the management of invasive candidiasis (IC) in non-neutropenic critically ill patients. Recent Findings: Recently, clinical practice guidelines provided recommendation for the management of IC. However, results from recent trials and systematic reviews questioned the effect of untargeted antifungal treatment strategies, especially in terms of survival benefits in non-neutropenic patients, even with septic shock. Summary: Widespread use of untargeted antifungal treatment strategi…

The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Candida albicans is a surface antigen.

1997

A lambda gt11 cDNA library from Candida albicans ATCC 26555 was screened by using pooled sera from two patients with systemic candidiasis and five neutropenic patients with high levels of anti-C. albicans immunoglobulin M antibodies. Seven clones were isolated from 60,000 recombinant phages. The most reactive one contained a 0.9-kb cDNA encoding a polypeptide immunoreactive only with sera from patients with systemic candidiasis. The whole gene was isolated from a genomic library by using the cDNA as a probe. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region showed homology (78 to 79%) to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TDH1 to TDH3 genes coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), …

Immunodetection of CD45 epitopes on the surface of Candida albicans cells in culture and infected human tissues.

2000

Candida albicans is a leading cause of disseminated fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. Candida-host cell interactions are mediated at the cell surface. Since blood-group I epitopes have been detected on the surface of C albicans cells, we investigated whether CD45, the molecule that carries the I antigen on human lymphocytes, is present on the C albicans cell surface, in culture and in human tissue specimens of human candidiasis. By using monoclonal antibodies to CD45, CD45RO, and CD45RA, we found a strong immunoreactivity at the cell surface of blastoconidia bearing germ tubes but weak or no immunostaining of the germ tubes themselves. In human tissues, immunostaining of C alb…

On the Emergence of Candida auris: Climate Change, Azoles, Swamps, and Birds

2019

The most enigmatic aspect of the rise of Candida auris as a human pathogen is that it emerged simultaneously on three continents, with each clade being genetically distinct. Although new pathogenic fungal species are described regularly, these are mostly species associated with single cases in individuals who are immunosuppressed.The most enigmatic aspect of the rise of Candida auris as a human pathogen is that it emerged simultaneously on three continents, with each clade being genetically distinct. Although new pathogenic fungal species are described regularly, these are mostly species associated with single cases in individuals who are immunosuppressed. In this study, we used phylogeneti…

Choosing the Right Antifungal Agent in ICU Patients

2019

Fungi are responsible for around 20% of microbiologically documented infections in intensive care units (ICU). In the last decade, the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI), including candidemia, has increased steadily because of increased numbers of both immunocompromised and ICU patients. To improve the outcomes of patients with IFI, intensivists need to be aware of the inherent challenges. This narrative review summarizes the features of routinely used treatments directed against IFI in non-neutropenic ICU patients, which include three classes of antifungals: polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins. ICU patients' pathophysiological changes are responsible for deep changes in the phar…