Search results for "Candidiasis"

Therapeutic tools for oral candidiasis : current and new antifungal drugs

2019

Background Candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic oral infections that presents different acute and chronic clinical presentations with diverse diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The present study carries out a bibliographic review on the therapeutic tools available against oral candidiasis and their usefulness in each clinical situation. Material and Methods Recent studies on treatment of oral candidiasis were retrieved from PubMed and Cochrane Library. Results Nystatin and miconazole are the most commonly used topical antifungal drugs. Both antifungal drugs are very effective but need a long time of use to eradicate the infection. The pharmacological presentations of mico…

Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin and pioglitazone.

2014

Aim The efficacy and safety of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, was evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin and pioglitazone. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study, patients (N = 342) received canagliflozin 100 or 300 mg during a 26-week, placebo-controlled, core period and a 26-week, active-controlled extension in which placebo-treated patients were switched to sitagliptin 100 mg. Efficacy comparisons for canagliflozin versus placebo at week 26 are reported, with no comparisons versus sitagliptin at week 52 (sitagliptin used to maintain double-blind and control for safety). Safety data ar…

Impaired immune response to Candida albicans in aged mice

2006

The prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections has increased dramatically among the aged population in recent years. This work investigated the effect of ageing on murine defences against Candida albicans. Aged C57BL/6 mice that were experimentally infected intravenously had a significantly impaired survival and a higher tissue fungal burden compared with young mice. In vitro production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α by macrophages from aged mice in response to yeast cells and hyphae of C. albicans was significantly lower than production by macrophages from young mice. In vitro production of cytokines, such as TNF-α and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), by antigen-stimulated splenocytes from …

Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care units: Analysis of the extended prevalence of infection in intensive care unit study

2011

Objectives: To provide a global, up-to-date picture of the prevalence, treatment, and outcomes of Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients and compare Candida with bacterial bloodstream infection. Design: A retrospective analysis of the Extended Prevalence of Infection in the ICU Study (EPIC II). Demographic, physiological, infection-related and therapeutic data were collected. Patients were grouped as having Candida, Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and combined Candida/bacterial bloodstream infection. Outcome data were assessed at intensive care unit and hospital discharge. Setting: EPIC II included 1265 intensive care units in 76 countries. Patients: Patients in partic…

Aislamiento de Candida dubliniensis en un adolescente con estomatitis protésica

2005

Objetivos: Utilizar varios métodos que permiten la diferenciación entre Candida albicans y Candida dubliniensis en un intento de conocer si C. dubliniensis puede ser aislada de la cavidad oral de adolescentes con prótesis ortopédicas orales. Materiales y métodos: Se aislaron 12 cepas de género Candida procedentes de mucosa palatina y de soporte de prótesis de 12 pacientes adolescentes portadores de prótesis ortopédicas orales. Para la diferenciación entre C. albicans y C. dubliniensis se utilizaron varias pruebas fenotípicas (la asimilación de fuentes de carbono con el método comercial ID 32C, el crecimiento en agar glucosado de Sabouraud a 45 ºC, la producción abundante de clamidosporas en…

Being candid about Candida airway colonization and clinical outcomes: What can we really learn from unadjusted associations?

2020

Repercusión de los factores clínicos y microbiológicos en la selección de la especie causal de candidemia en el paciente crítico adulto en un hospita…

2017

ANTECEDENTES: Las micosis invasoras son infecciones emergentes asociadas a elevada morbi-mortalidad en pacientes críticos, siendo la candidiasis invasora (con o sin candidemia asociada) la más frecuente en todas las latitudes. Los pacientes ingresados en Unidades de Críticos (UC), debido a sus enfermedades de base y al desarrollo de técnicas diagnósticas y terapéuticas cada día más agresivas, tienen un elevado riesgo de presentar candidiasis invasora. Aunque Candida albicans es el agente etiológico de candidemia más habitual en todos los hospitales, en las últimas décadas se ha observado un aumento en la incidencia de especies no albicans. Este cambio en la etiología de la candidemia tambié…

EngineeredControl of Cell Morphology In Vivo Reveals Distinct Roles for Yeast andFilamentous Forms of Candida albicans duringInfection

2003

ABSTRACT It is widely assumed that the ability of Candida albicans to switch between different morphologies is required for pathogenesis. However, most virulence studies have used mutants that are permanently locked into either the yeast or filamentous forms which are avirulent but unsuitable for discerning the role of morphogenetic conversions at the various stages of the infectious process. We have constructed a strain in which this developmental transition can be externally modulated both in vitro and in vivo. This was achieved by placing one copy of the NRG1 gene (a negative regulator of filamentation) under the control of a tetracycline-regulatable promoter. This modified strain was th…

The cell wall structure: developments in diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis

1998

Candidiasis are among the fungal infections the most difficult to diagnose and treat. Research focused on specific fungal components which are absent in the host, such as the cell wall has lead to a better understanding of Candida albicans pathogenicity and clinical impact. The cell wall is responsible for antigenic expression and primary interaction with the host. It is composed mainly of b-glucans, chitin and mannoproteins, which account for the rigidity of the wall and for the fungal morphology. Of these components, mannoproteins might carry a “morphogenetic code” which might modulate the molecular architecture of the cell wall. The features of specific cell wall proteins as part of buil…

Validation of the Tetracycline Regulatable Gene Expression System for the Study of the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease

2011

Understanding the pathogenesis of infectious disease requires the examination and successful integration of parameters related to both microbial virulence and host responses. As a practical and powerful method to control microbial gene expression, including in vivo, the tetracycline-regulatable system has recently gained the favor of many investigative groups. However, some immunomodulatory effects of the tetracyclines, including doxycycline, could potentially limit its use to evaluate host responses during infection. Here we have used a well-established murine model of disseminated candidiasis, which is highly dependent on both the virulence displayed by the fungal cells and on the host im…