Search results for "Cannabinoids"

Ion mobility spectrometry and high resolution mass-spectrometry as methodologies for rapid identification of the last generation of new psychoactive …

2018

A new drug trafficking trend has been observed in the last years by the introduction in the black market of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in order to difficult competent authority controls. In this study, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and high-resolution mass-spectrometry (HRMS) were proposed as vanguard and rearguard methodologies for the rapid identification of the last generation of NPS in seizures. The combined use of IMS and HRMS has been evaluated through the analysis of 24 NPS seized from 2016 to 2018 in Valencia (Spain) to demonstrate the utility of this approach. The characteristic reduced mobility (K0) values for seized NPS were determined and mass-mobility relationships wer…

Acetaldehyde, motivation and stress: Behavioral evidence of an addictive ménage à trois

2017

Acetaldehyde contributes to alcohol’s psychoactive effects through its own rewarding properties. Recent studies shed light on the behavioral correlates of acetaldehyde administration and the possible interactions with key neurotransmitters for motivation, reward and stress-related response, such as dopamine and endocannabinoids. This mini review critically examines acetaldehyde psychoactive properties, focusing on behavioral investigations able to unveil acetaldehyde motivational effects and their pharmacological modulation in vivo. Similarly to alcohol, rats spontaneously drink acetaldehyde, whose presence is detected in the brain following chronic self-administration paradigm. Acetaldehyd…

TRPV1 channels in nitric oxide-mediated signalling: insight on excitatory transmission in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons

2022

Nitric oxide (NO) is a fascinating signalling molecule implicated in a plethora of biological functions, especially at the synaptic level. Exploring neurotransmission in the hippocampus could be instrumental in the individuation of putative targets for nitric-oxide mediated neuromodulation, especially in terms of the potential repercussions on fundamental processes i.e. synaptic plasticity and excitability-related phenomena. Among these targets, endovanilloid signalling constitutes an object of study since Transient Receptors Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels possess a NO-sensitive gate modulating its activation. Also, NO has been referred to as a mediator for numerous endocannabinoid effec…

Evidences of cannabinoids-induced modulation of paroxysmal events in an experimental model of partial epilepsy in the rat

2010

Different studies have been shown a clear anticonvulsant activity exerted by cannabinoids (CB) through the CB1 receptor activation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in an in vivo experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy (maximal dentate gyrus activation - MDA) in the rat, the protective effect of (R)-(+)-[2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-Yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN 55,212-2, CB agonist) alone or in combination with N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251, selective CB1 antagonist). Pre-treatment with AM251 (1 mg kg-1, 30 min interval) dramatically reduced the signif…

Sintētisko kanabinoīdu un katinonu identifikācijas iespējas

2016

Vēl aizvien nelegālajā apritē parādās jaunas psihoaktīvās vielas, kuru identificēšanas iespējas ir apgrūtinātas un maz pētītas. Jaunās psihoaktīvās vielas ir potenciāls sabiedrības veselības drauds. Populārākās ir sintētiskie kanabinoīdi un sintētiskie katinoni. To iedarbība uz cilvēka organismu ir maz pētīta un neparedzama. Lai pētītu to iedarbību uz cilvēka organismu, ir nepieciešamas efektīvas un visaptverošas pētniecības metodes. Darba ir apkopoti dati par Latvijā biežāk sastopamajām jaunajām psihoaktīvajām vielām, kā arī apkopoti un analizēti dati par šo vielu noteikšanas metodēm, kā pielietojamāko metodi nosakot jauno psihoaktīvo vielu noteikšanu, var uzskatīt GH-MS/MS metodi. Atslēgv…

Determination of Third-Generation Synthetic Cannabinoids in Oral Fluids.

2020

Abstract A procedure has been developed for the determination of third-generation synthetic cannabinoids in oral fluid samples by using a semi-automated microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) procedure and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) determination. Five synthetic cannabinoids were employed as model compounds 5F-ADB, MMB-CHMICA, THJ-2201, CUMYL-4CN-BINACA and MDMB-CHMCZCA. The most adequate operative conditions for MEPS were evaluated giving quantitative recoveries, from 89 to 124%, in synthetic and field saliva samples spiked with 125 and 250 μg/L of the studied cannabinoids, with the exception of MDMB-CHMCZCA in field saliva samples that provided slightly lower recoverie…

Autophagy and ER-stress participate to cannabinoid-induced apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells

2012

Role of sparc and MIR-29B1 in molecular effects induced by win in osteosarcoma MG63 cells

2014

SPARC (Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is considered as a prototype of matricellular protein due to its structure and the function that it displays in regulating cell/extracellular microenvironment interactions during development and in response to injury. Earlier studies underlined pleiotropic effects of intracellular SPARC on cancer growth and, in some cancer cell lines, identified it as a tumor suppressor protein. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the role of SPARC and its related miRNA in the molecular effects induced by the cannabinoid WIN in osteosarcoma MG63 cells. In these cells WIN is not able to induce cell death but sensitizes cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptotic …

p8 (candidate of metasiasis 1) drives ER-stress/autophagy/apoptosis axis induced by the synthetic cannabinoid WIN in HCC cells.

2010

Background: Today, evidence is emerging for the role of autophagy in the regulation of life and death of tumour cells and its relationship with ER-stress signaling. Our previous results demonstrated that hepatoma HepG2 cells are sensitive to apoptotic effects induced by WIN, a synthetic cannabinoid, which acts through a mechanism involving the reduction in the levels of some survival factors and the activation of pro-apoptotic ones. Since WIN effects were observed after 36−48 hours of treatment, we investigated the possible activation of ER-stress and autophagic process in the first hours of WIN treatment focusing our attention on p8, a factor whose expression is upregulated in response to …

The synthetic cannabinoid WIN sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by activating p8/CHOP/DR5 axis.

2010

In this paper we demonstrate that the synthetic cannabinoid WIN sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to apoptosis mediated by TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). The apoptotic mechanism induced by treatment with WIN/TRAIL combination involved the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and led to the activation of caspases. In HCC cells WIN treatment induced up-regulation of TRAIL death receptor DR5, an effect which seemed to be related to the increase in the level of p8 and CHOP, two factors implicated in cellular stress response and apoptosis. This relationship was suggested by the observation that the down-regulation of p8 or CHOP by specific siRNAs …