Search results for "Caps"

Le specie alloctone invasive in Sicilia: caratterizzazione del fenomeno, strategie di colonizzazione e possibili strategie di contrasto

2014

Bioresponsive poly(amidoamine)s designed for intracellular protein delivery.

2013

Poly(amidoamine)s with bioreducible disulfide linkages in the main chain (SS-PAAs) and pH-responsive, negatively charged citraconate groups in the sidechain have been designed for effective intracellular delivery and release of proteins with a net positive charge at neutral pH. Using lysozyme as a cationic model protein these water soluble polymers efficiently self-assemble into nanocomplexes by charge attraction. At pH 5 (the endosomal pH) the amide linkages connecting the citraconate groups in the sidechains of the SS-PAAs are hydrolyzed by intramolecular catalysis, resulting in expulsion of the negative citraconate groups and formation of protonated amine groups, resulting in charge reve…

Inclusion complexes of Cethyl-2-methylresorcinarene and pyridine N-oxides: breaking the C–I⋯−O–N+ halogen bond by host–guest complexation

2016

C ethyl-2-Methylresorcinarene forms host–guest complexes with aromatic N-oxides through multiple intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C–H⋯π interactions. The host shows conformational flexibility to accommodate 3-methylpyridine N-oxide, while retaining a crown conformation for 2-methyl- and 4-methoxypyridine N-oxides highlighting the substituent effect of the guest. N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide, a 6-membered ring aliphatic N-oxide with a methyl at the N-oxide nitrogen, is bound by the equatorial −N–CH3 group located deep in the cavity. 2-Iodopyridine N-oxide is the only guest that manifests intermolecular N–O⋯I–C halogen bond interactions, which are broken down by the host resulting i…

endo-Functionalized molecular tubes : selective encapsulation of neutral molecules in non-polar media

2016

Four endo-functionalized molecular tubes with urea/thiourea groups in the deep cavities have been synthesized, and their binding ability to neutral molecules studied. Very high binding affinity and selectivity have been achieved, which are rationalized by invoking the shape and electrostatic complementarity and dipole alignment.

Three-dimensional ultrasound diagnosis of ruptured subcapsular liver hematoma caused by HELLP syndrome

2008

The complete genome sequence of Lamium mild mosaic virus, a member of the genus Fabavirus

2013

Springer-Verlag Wien 2013 Abstract Lamium mild mosaic virus (LMMV) is the only one of the five members of the genus Fabavirus for which there are no nucleotide sequence data. In this study, the complete genome sequence of LMMV was determined and compared with the available complete genome sequences of other members of the genus Fabavirus. The genome was the largest of the genus but maintained the typical orga- nization, with RNA 1 of 6080 nucleotides (nt), RNA 2 of 4065 nt, and an unusually long 3 0 untranslated region in RNA 2 of 603 nt. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of the protease-polymerase (Pro-Pol) region and the two coat proteins confirmed that LMMV belongs to a d…

Cryopreservation of Digitalis obscura selected genotypes by encapsulation-dehydration

2001

Shoot-tips from several genotypes of the cardenolide-producing perennial shrub Digitalis obscura L. were successfully cryopreserved using the encapsulation-dehydration technique. Precultivation on MS medium containing 0.5 M sucrose, followed by 2.5 h dehydration (final weight 30 %) induced shoot regrowth in 42 % of cryopreserved shoot-tips. Cold-hardening of the in vitro cultures before sucrose treatment dramatically increased shoot recovery up to 86 %. The optimized cryopreservation protocol was then employed using different shoot cultures from five D. obscura genotypes. Responses to cryopreservation depended mainly on the genotype, best results being obtained when shoot tips from HU3 and …

Echovirus 1 Endocytosis into Caveosomes Requires Lipid Rafts, Dynamin II, and Signaling EventsV⃞

2004

Binding of echovirus 1 (EV1, a nonenveloped RNA virus) to the α2β1 integrin on the cell surface is followed by endocytic internalization of the virus together with the receptor. Here, video-enhanced live microscopy revealed the rapid uptake of fluorescently labeled EV1 into mobile, intracellular structures, positive for green fluorescent protein-tagged caveolin-1. Partial colocalization of EV1 with SV40 (SV40) and cholera toxin, known to traffic via caveosomes, demonstrated that the vesicles were caveosomes. The initiation of EV1 infection was dependent on dynamin II, cholesterol, and protein phosphorylation events. Brefeldin A, a drug that prevents SV40 transport, blocked the EV1 infection…

Surface-exposed Amino Acid Residues of HPV16 L1 Protein Mediating Interaction with Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate

2007

Efficient infection of cells by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and pseudovirions requires primary interaction with cell surface proteoglycans with apparent preference for species carrying heparan sulfate (HS) side chains. To identify residues contributing to virus/cell interaction, we performed point mutational analysis of the HPV16 major capsid protein, L1, targeting surface-exposed amino acid residues. Replacement of lysine residues 278, 356, or 361 for alanine reduced cell binding and infectivity of pseudovirions. Various combinations of these amino acid exchanges further decreased cell attachment and infectivity with residual infectivity of less than 5% for the triple mutant, suggesting …

Seroepidemiology of porcine enteric sapovirus in pig farms in Venezuela

2010

Porcine enteric sapovirus (PES) has been shown to cause diarrhea under experimental conditions in gnotobiotic piglets. However, the role of PES as enteric pathogens in porcine farms remains unclear. To further understand the PES-host interactions under field conditions, a serological survey was carried out. To this end the capsid gene of a PES isolate was cloned in the baculovirus expression system and an ELISA was developed based on virus-like particles from the baculovirus-expressed PES capsid protein. A total of 85 serum samples collected from pigs ranging from 8 weeks to over 54 weeks of age were analyzed. An overall seroprevalence to PESs of 62% was found, with significant differences …