Search results for "Case-Control Studies"
showing 10 items of 1567 documents
Morphological characteristics of microcirculation in oral lichen planus involving the lateral border of the tongue.
2009
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucosal condition commonly encountered in dental practice. Lichen planus is believed to represent an abnormal immune response in which epithelial cells are recognized as foreign, secondary to changes in the antigenicity of the cell surface. It has various oral manifestations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics of microcirculation of lingual lichen planus (LLP). Twenty patients (10 patients with LLP and 10 healthy patients) were examined by means of videocapillaroscopy. The left margin of the lingual mucosa was examined in each patient. The capillary loop length, loop diameter, and capillary density were analyzed on ev…
Functional gastrointestinal disorders among soldiers in peacetime versus out-of-area missions.
2001
Functional gastrointestinal syndromes are chronic disorders of the abdomen with an absence of organic findings. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and symptomatology of functional abdominal syndromes in soldiers during an out-of-area mission versus during peacetime at home. We examined 124 soldiers who sought medical care for abdominal symptoms at the German Field Hospital Trogir, Croatia. The control group consisted of 113 soldiers who were referred with abdominal symptoms to the Central Hospital of German Armed Forces Koblenz, Germany. After excluding an organic disease, the diagnosis of a functional disorder was made. Fourteen percent of the Implementation Force soldiers …
Parental Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Risk of Childhood Brain Tumors: The SEARCH International Childhood Brain Tumor Study
2004
Experimental evidence suggests that parental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which occurs primarily through tobacco smoke, occupational exposure, and air pollution, could increase the risk of cancer during childhood. Population-based case-control studies carried out in seven countries as part of the SEARCH Program compared data for 1,218 cases of childhood brain tumors and 2,223 controls (1976-1994). Parental occupational exposure to PAH during the 5-year period before birth was estimated with a job exposure matrix. Risk estimates were adjusted for child's age, sex, and study center. Paternal preconceptional occupational exposure to PAH was associated with increased risk…
Effectiveness of pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines in preventing pandemic influenza-associated hospitalization.
2011
Vaccines are leading pharmacological measures for limiting the impact of pandemic influenza in the community. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of influenza (pandemic and seasonal) vaccines in preventing pandemic influenza-associated hospitalization. We conducted a multicenter matched case-control study in 36 Spanish hospitals. Patients hospitalized with confirmed pandemic influenza between November 2009 and February 2010 and two hospitalized controls per case, matched according to age, date of hospitalization and province of residence, were selected. Multivariate analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression. Subjects were considered vaccinated…
Low incidence but poor prognosis of complicated coeliac disease: A retrospective multicentre study.
2013
Abstract Background Coeliac disease is a chronic enteropathy characterized by an increased mortality caused by its complications, mainly refractory coeliac disease, small bowel carcinoma and abdominal lymphoma. Aim of the study was to study the epidemiology of complications in patients with coeliac disease. Methods Retrospective multicenter case–control study based on collection of clinical and laboratory data. The incidence of complicated coeliac disease was studied among coeliac patients directly diagnosed in four Italian centres. Patients referred to these centres after a diagnosis of coeliac disease and/or complicated coeliac disease in other hospitals were therefore excluded. Results B…
The Risk of Contracting COVID-19 Is Not Increased in Patients With Celiac Disease
2021
The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic in March 2020. Since then, there are more than 34 million cases of COVID-19 leading to more than 1 million deaths worldwide. Numerous studies suggest that celiac disease (CeD), a chronic immune-mediated gastrointestinal condition triggered by gluten, is associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections.(1-3) However, how it relates to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown. To address this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate whether patients with self-reported CeD are at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19.
Obesity and craniofacial variables in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: comparisons of cephalometric values
2007
AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this paper was to determine the most common craniofacial changes in patients suffering Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) with regards to the degree of obesity. Accordingly, cephalometric data reported in the literature was searched and analyzed.MethodsAfter a careful analysis of the literature from 1990 to 2006, 5 papers with similar procedural criteria were selected. Inclusion criteria were: recruitment of Caucasian patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >10 as grouped in non-obese (Body Mass Index – [BMI] < 30)vs. obese (BMI ≥ 30).ResultsA low position of the hyoid bone was present in both groups. In non-obese patients, an increased value of t…
Oral manifestations in a group of adults with autism spectrum disorder
2011
Objective: A number of studies have evaluated the oral health of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), though most have involved children, and no specific oral manifestations have been described. The present study describes the buccodental disorders and hygiene habits in a group of adults with ASD. Study Design: A prospective case-control study was made of a group of patients with ASD (n=30), with a mean age of 27.7 +/- 5.69 years, and of a healthy age-and gender-matched control group (n=30). An evaluation was made of the medical history, medication, oral hygiene habits and oral diseases, with determination of the CAOD, CAOS and OHI-S oral hygiene scores. Results: Most of the patien…
Different Genetic Expression Profiles of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Crohn's Disease.
2018
<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Increased oxidative stress and decreased immune cell apoptosis have been reported to be important factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). Our aim was to characterize the genetic expression of molecules implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in peripheral white mononuclear cells of 18 healthy volunteers (controls) and 20 patients at the onset of CD (active CD [aCD]): 10 who achieved remission (inactive CD [iCD]) and 10 who did not present a complete and deep response to treatment (aCD-T). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> mRNA expression was measured by the Agena MassARRAY quantitative ge…
Examining the Dynamics of the Implicit and the Explicit Self-Concept in Social Anxiety: Changes in the Implicit Association Test–Anxiety and the Soci…
2008
In this study, we analyzed changes in the strength of self-anxiety associations—as measured by the Implicit Association Test–Anxiety (IAT–Anxiety; Egloff & Schmukle, 2002) and the Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory (SPAI; Turner, Beidel, Dancu, & Stanley, 1989)—following treatment of social anxiety. We assessed socially anxious participants (N = 24) prior to and following a group-based treatment; and we assessed healthy controls (N = 24) at matched time points. Results showed (a) higher implicit and explicit anxiety in socially anxious participants (as compared to controls) prior to treatment and (b) reductions in IAT–Anxiety and SPAI scores of socially anxious participants following treatment…