Search results for "Case-Control Studies"
showing 10 items of 1567 documents
Patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy show impaired mismatch negativity correlating with reduced performance in attention tests
2012
Attention deficit is an early event in the cognitive impairment of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential that reflects an attentional trigger. Patients with schizophrenia show impaired attention and cognitive function, which are reflected in altered MMN. We hypothesized that patients with MHE, similarly to those with schizophrenia, should show MMN alterations related with attention deficits. The aims of this work were to assess whether (1) MMN is altered in cirrhotic patients with MHE, compared to those without MHE, (2) MMN changes in parallel with performance in attentio…
Auditory hallucinations in first-episode psychosis: A voxel-based morphometry study
2019
Abstract Background Auditory hallucinations (AH) are a core symptom of psychosis. The brain abnormalities responsible for AH remain controversial due to inconsistent and conflicting findings across studies, with substantial confounding factors, such as chronicity. Few studies have examined the pathological changes that occur in the gray matter (GM) of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and AH. The present study aims to validate the presence and characteristics of these structural abnormalities in relation to the intensity of psychotic symptoms and AH in a larger homogeneous sample than those of previous studies. Methods A magnetic resonance voxel-based morphometric analysis was app…
Spectral analysis of P300 generation in depression and schizophrenia.
1997
In the past it was reported in several studies that both depressive and schizophrenic patients exhibit reduced P300 amplitudes compared to healthy controls. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of spectral P300 generation, we analysed P300 responses in depression and schizophrenia by a frequency based approach. Herefore, the amplification (poststimulus/prestimulus) of spectral power in different frequency bands was evaluated for non-target and target epochs. Generally, we found that P300 responses are accompanied by a pronounced frequency amplification in the delta and theta range. For the depressive patients we detected only under target condition a statistically significant red…
Neurocognitive Impairment in Bipolar Patients With and Without History of Psychosis
2008
Objective: Little is known regarding the impact of psychotic symptoms on the cognitive functioning of bipolar patients. Findings from previous reports are controversial and mainly focused on current psychotic symptoms. The main aim of this study was to ascertain whether the history of psychotic symptoms was associated with greater cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients. Method: Sixty-five euthymic bipolar disorder patients (DSM-IV criteria; 35 with a history of psychotic symptoms and 30 without such a history) were assessed through a neuropsychological battery targeting attention, psychomotor speed, verbal memory, and executive functions. Thirty-five healthy controls were also in…
Confirmation that the AKT1 (rs2494732) genotype influences the risk of psychosis in cannabis users.
2012
Background Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychosis. One study has suggested that genetic variation in the AKT1 gene might influence this effect. Methods In a case-control study of 489 first-episode psychosis patients and 278 control subjects, we investigated the interaction between variation at the AKT1 rs2494732 single nucleotide polymorphism and cannabis use in increasing the risk of psychosis. Results The rs2494732 locus was not associated with an increased risk of a psychotic disorder, with lifetime cannabis use, or with frequency of use. We did, however, find that the effect of lifetime cannabis use on risk of psychosis was significantly influenced by the rs24947…
Relation of schizophrenia and panic disorder: Evidence from a controlled family study
1995
The intention of this controlled family study was to evaluate reasons for comorbidity of schizophrenia and panic disorder. Observed rates of psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives of patients and of controls were compared with rates predicted by possible hypotheses explaining comorbidity. The sample consisted of 59 patients with schizophrenia (including seven with schizophreniform disorder), 54 patients with panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia), 29 comorbid patients with lifetime diagnoses of panic disorder and schizophrenia (or schizophreniform disorder, 2 patients) and 109 controls, and their 1068 first-degree relatives. Information from clinical performance, clinical and…
Plantar pressures determinants in mild Hallux Valgus.
2010
While podobarometric techniques have been applied to the study of pressures in Hallux Valgus (HV), little is known about its clinical and radiological determinants. So, the aim of the present study was to determine the plantar pressure pattern in participants with mild HV, comparing to a control group, and their clinical and anthropometric determinants. Biofoot/IBV(®) in-shoe system was used to evaluate 79 participants with mild HV. Computerized measurements of the 1st intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and the hallux abductus angle (HAA) were made on antero-posterior radiographs. The clinical outcome was assessed using the AOFAS score. The dependent baropodometric variables and the independent cl…
Assessment of atrial diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by cine magnetic resonance imaging
2015
Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the role of atrial function by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for the evaluation of diastolic physiology in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) compared to healthy controls. Materials and methods: We enrolled 23 consecutive patients affected by HCM and 43 healthy subjects as age-matched control cases (CC). CMR was performed through acquisition of cine steady-state free precession sequences using a 1.5-T scanner. Image postprocessing was carried out using Tracking Tool software. Results: Atrial volumes were significantly higher in patients with HCM compared to CC: maximum atrial volume (p = 0.007) and minimum atrial volume (p = 0.01).…
Knee arthroscopy and exercise versus exercise only for chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
2007
Abstract Background Arthroscopy is often used to treat patients with chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). As there is a lack of evidence, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy of arthroscopy in patients with chronic PFPS. Methods A total of 56 patients with chronic PFPS were randomized into two treatment groups: an arthroscopy group (N = 28), treated with knee arthroscopy and an 8-week home exercise program, and a control group (N = 28), treated with the 8-week home exercise program only. The arthroscopy included finding-specific surgical procedures according to current recommendations. The primary outcome was the Kujala score on patellofemoral pain and fu…
Reduced airway responsiveness in non elite runners
2005
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Dec;37(12):2019-25. Reduced airway responsiveness in nonelite runners. Scichilone N, Morici G, Marchese R, Bonanno A, Profita M, Togias A, Bonsignore MR. SourceInstitute of Medicine and Pneumology, Respiratory Unit; University of Palermo, Italy. n.scichilone@libero.it Abstract PURPOSE: The effects of endurance training on airway responsiveness in nonasthmatic subjects are poorly defined. We hypothesized that airway responsiveness may differ between none-lite endurance athletes and sedentary subjects, and studied healthy, nonelite runners and sedentary controls by single-dose methacholine challenges carried out in the absence of deep inspirations, in that deep insp…