Search results for "Cash"
showing 10 items of 112 documents
Developments in financial information by local entities in europe
2010
In recent years, most Organisation for Economic and Cooperation Development (OECD) countries have brought in important reforms into their public accounting systems with the objective of both improving public service management and increasing the transparency and accountability of governments. Reforms of government accounting share a common direction towards the implementation of accrual-based accounting systems. In this context, this paper presents the situation of local government accounting systems in European countries with the aim of showing the degree of uniformity/ heterogeneity that currently exists among the countries considered and why differences persist nowadays, trying to classi…
The Application of the IPSAS in Spain
2021
Governmental accounting was adapted to IPSAS in Spain in 2010, following the reform in the business accounting system to adapt it to IFRS. However, the budget maintains the modified cash criteria and there is an integrated system that includes financial and budgeting accounting. This chapter analyses the normative process and the main challenges and benefits that the new system has had at the three levels of government: central, regional, and local. In order to understand the experience of practitioners, a survey for accountants and financial directors has been carried out at each government level. The results show that budgetary reporting is considered still more useful than accrual financ…
Creating Value – From Corporate Governance to Total Shareholders Return. An Overview
2016
Abstract The term “value” can be interpreted in a subjective way, depending about what we refer at. Usually the firm's value is related to the financial performance: profitability, cash flow, liquidity, solvability, etc. A corporation can create and in some cases reduce value for its stakeholders. Also, a corporation can create value for the stakeholders by simply creating jobs, paying taxes and help the population to improve their financial situation. The aim of the paper is to describe the process of value creation starting with corporate governance, continuing with stakeholders’ expectations and finishing with shareholders requests.
Effects of plant type on two strawberry cultivars in Sicily
2014
In Sicily fresh plants have for years been replacing the once popular cold-stored ones. Good early cropping is the aim of all strawberry growers in the island’s Marsala district. The present trial tested the response of the new strawberry cultivars ‘Sabrosa’ and ‘Florida Fortuna’ using fresh plug and bare-root plants. ‘Florida Fortuna’ plug-plants turned out to be the most promising type as a cash crop in delivering extra early ripening.
Monetary and non-monetary incentives for educational attainment: design and effectiveness
2020
Abstract The use of extrinsic incentives to steer individual behavior is at the heart of economics and the effects of monetary incentives for students, parents, and teachers on educational attainment have been studied widely. However, the use of monetary incentives may be difficult to scale up because they are potentially expensive and educators and parents may be skeptical about cash for grades. Non-monetary incentives have the potential to mitigate these problems while being cost-effective in increasing educational attainment. This chapter reviews the literature on providing extrinsic, monetary and non-monetary incentives to increase educational attainment. Thereby, we focus on the design…
Toward a formalization of a two traders market with information exchange
2014
This paper shows that Hamiltonians and operators can also be put to good use even in contexts which are not purely physics based. Consider the world of finance. The work presented here {models a two traders system with information exchange with the help of four fundamental operators: cash and share operators; a portfolio operator and an operator reflecting the loss of information. An information Hamiltonian is considered and an additional Hamiltonian is presented which reflects the dynamics of selling/buying shares between traders. An important result of the paper is that when the information Hamiltonian is zero, portfolio operators commute with the Hamiltonian and this suggests that the dy…
Internationalization patterns in fashion retail distribution: implications for firm results
2011
Fashion retailers have been intensively involved in internationalization processes, leading to an upsurge of some global fashion brands. Notwithstanding, internationalization processes may differ across retailers and also their results in their overseas ventures. This paper aims at shedding additional light on fashion retail internationalization, proposing two objectives: first, it aims at identifying several internationalization patterns in fashion retailing. Second, after identifying several retailer profiles, we test for significant differences in their financial results. With chi-square automatic interaction detection analysis, we identify four groups of retailers whose internationaliza…
Logistyka a zarządzanie cyklem kapitału pracującego – rozwiązania stosowane w skali przedsiębiorstwa (Logistics vs. working capital cycle management …
2016
Logistyka, jako koncepcja zarządzania strukturą przepływów towarów i związanych z nimi informacji w przedsiębiorstwie i w łańcuchu dostaw, może w istotny sposób wspomóc optymalizację struktury i poziomu kapitału pracującego. Jego obrazem jest wskaźnik cyklu konwersji gotówki V.D. Richardsa i E.J. Laughlina, a spośród jego składowych logistyka bezpośrednio wpływa na długość cyklu zapasów (F2F), obok cyklu należności (02C) oraz zobowiązań (P2P). Głównymi instrumentami stosowanymi w przedsiębiorstwie w celu skrócenia cyklu F2F są Lean Manufacturing i Just in Time, zorientowane na ujawnianie i redukcję marnotrawstwa w przedsiębiorstwie, czego skutkiem jest zmniejszenie poziomu zapasów. W efekci…
Child Protection in Mediterranean Countries: Italy and Greece
2023
Abstract This chapter explores the child protection systems in Italy and Greece. Both countries have to deal with immigrant children due to the conflict between the rights of minors and immigration laws on control and defense. In Italy, the child protection system is the result of a patchwork of norms and regulations addressing different societal demands and pressures. Family and cash-transfers are fundamental factors in Italy’s child welfare system. Greece, on the other hand, has adopted fragmented measures and policies connected with financial benefits, income support, social security, social care for disabled people, and rehabilitation for children at risk. The chapter also notes how the…
Valor de los Ahorros en Impuestos por Deuda en Colombia: Un Estudio Empírico (Value of Debt Tax Shields in Colombia: An Empirical Study)
2011
The English version of this paper can be found at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1919305This paper estimates the value of tax savings, using the method of discounted cash flows for 23 major industrial firms in the Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (Colombian Stock Market) between 2001 and 2010, showing that this value represents on average between 5.74% and 56.73% out of total firm value depending on discount rate for tax savings. Using Data Panel regressions, it also finds that the average leverage of firms is low relative to other countries. Given this fact, we explored the behavior of the total value of the firm, VT and found no evidence that debt creates value.