Search results for "Catalysis"
showing 10 items of 5944 documents
Violurato complexes of nickel(II). Formation equilibria. Deprotonation equilibria of the coordinated ligands and related stereochemical changes
1986
The formation equilibria of nickel(II) violurato-complexes in water and dimethylsulphoxide-water (80∶20) as well as deprotonation of the coordinated ligands and related stereochemical changes are reported. The stability constants of the Ni2+-H2V− complexes logβ1=5.06, Iogβ2=9.38, logβ3=12.98 as well as the acidity constants of the [Ni(H2V)3]− complex, logβj1= 8.37, logβj2=15.76, logβj3=22.37 are determined at 25 °C and 0.1M NaClO4. A new violurato-complex of Ni2+, Na4[Ni(HV)3]5H2O, is isolated and characterized.
Anhydrous Amorphous Calcium Oxalate Nanoparticles from Ionic Liquids: Stable Crystallization Intermediates in the Formation of Whewellite
2015
The mechanisms by which amorphous intermediates transform into crystalline materials are not well understood. To test the viability and the limits of the classical crystallization, new model systems for crystallization are needed. With a view to elucidating the formation of an amorphous precursor and its subsequent crystallization, the crystallization of calcium oxalate, a biomineral widely occurring in plants, is investigated. Amorphous calcium oxalate (ACO) precipitated from an aqueous solution is described as a hydrated metastable phase, as often observed during low-temperature inorganic synthesis and biomineralization. In the presence of water, ACO rapidly transforms into hydrated whewe…
Characterisation of humic substances by acid catalysed transesterification
2002
Abstract The chemical composition of low molecular weight moieties linked to the core structures of humic substances (HS) are of substantial importance for the understanding of the chemical structures and mode of interactions of HS with other substances in the environment. In this study a novel approach to characterise certain low molecular weight compounds bound to HS is suggested. The method includes transesterification (TE) of ester and amide bound structures, and esterification (E) of free carboxylic groups using acid catalysed methanolysis followed by gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) and GC-FID analysis. Methanolysis of five HS of different origin, demonstrated the presen…
Photocatalytic degradation of dyes by using a membrane reactor
2004
Abstract Dyes are organic compounds used in textile, food and drug industries, and their abatement represents one of the main problems in the treatment processes because generally they are very stable toxic compounds. In this work, two commercial azo-dyes, i.e. Congo Red (C32H22N6Na2O6S2) and Patent Blue (C27H31N2NaO6S2), in aqueous solution were degraded in a photocatalytic membrane reactor by using TiO2 Degussa P25 as the catalyst. Different system configurations and irradiating sources were studied, and the influence of some operational parameters such as the pressure in the membrane cell and the initial concentration of the substrates was determined. A comparison between suspended and e…
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Cyanides in Aqueous Titanium Dioxide Suspensions
1997
The photocatalytic oxidation of free cyanides in aqueous suspensions containing polycrystalline TiO2(anatase) powders irradiated in the near-UV region has been investigated. The rate of cyanide photooxidation has been studied by varying the following operative parameters: (i) initial cyanide concentration; (ii) catalyst concentration; (iii) initial pH; (iv) power of irradiation; and (v) chloride ion concentration in the reacting mixture. Under the used experimental conditions the photoreaction proceeded at a measurable rate until the complete disappearance of cyanides. The kinetics of cyanide photooxidation is affected by the catalyst concentration, the chloride ion concentration, and the p…
[Mnii2(bpym)(H2O)8]4+ and [Miv(CN)8]4– (M = Mo and W) as building blocks in designing bpym- and cyanide-bridged bimetallic three-dimensional networks…
2002
One-pot reaction between the dinuclear [MnII2(bpym)(H2O)8]4+ complex and the mononuclear [MIV(CN)8]4− unit (M = Mo and W; bpym = 2,2′-bipyrimidine) in aqueous solution yields the novel heterobimetallic complexes of formula {(μ-bpym)[Mn(H2O)]2-(μ-NC)6M(CN)2} with M = Mo (1) and W (2). 1 and 2 are isostructural three-dimensional compounds where the manganese atoms are bridged by bisbidentate bpym and hexakismonodentate octacyanometalate units. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data of 1 and 2 show the occurrence of a significant antiferromagnetic coupling between the high spin manganese(II) ions through bridging bpym (Jca. −1.1 cm−1, the exchange Hamiltonian being defined as H = −J…
Oxalate and 2,2′-bipyrimidine as bis-chelating ligands in the honeycomb layered compound {[Fe2(bpym)(ox)2]·5H2O}n
2002
The novel two-dimensional iron(II) compound of formula {[Fe2(bpym)(ox)2]·5H2O}n (1) [bpym = 2,2′-bipyrimidine and ox = oxalate dianion] is obtained by reaction of oxalic acid, iron(II) chloride and 2,2′-bipyrimidine in aqueous solution. The structure of 1 is made up of oxalato-bridged iron(II) chains cross-linked by bischelating bpym affording a honeycomb lattice. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data of 1 show the occurrence of relatively large antiferromagnetic interactions between the high spin iron(II) ions separated by more than 5.5 A through bridging bpym [Jbpym = −4.0(2) cm−1] and ox [Jox = ca. −7.8(2) cm−1] ligands. These values compare well with those obtained in the ir…
Kinetics of the permanganate oxidation of formic acid in aqueous solution
1987
The kinetics of the permanganate oxidation of formic acid in aqueous perchloric acid at 30°C were examined by the spectrophotometric method. The chemical reaction 2MnO + 3HCOOH + 2H+ 2MnO2 + 3CO2 + 4H2O, appears to proceed via several parallel reactions. The overall rate equation has been obtained by using statistical multilinear regression analysis of the 660 cases studied, and the presence in the rate equation of two new terms in relation to previous studies shows that both permanganate autocatalytic effects and acid media inhibition must be taken into account when the reaction proceeds at constant ionic strength.
Photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on irradiated TiO2: comparison of degradation performance in humidified air, in water and in water containing a z…
2003
Photocatalytic degradation of toluene was carried out both in gas–solid and in liquid–solid regime by using polycrystalline samples of TiO2 Merck and TiO2 Degussa P25. For the gas–solid regime two types of continuous photoreactor were used, a fixed bed one of cylindrical shape and a Carberry type photoreactor, both irradiated by near-UV light. The inlet reacting mixture consisted of air containing toluene and water vapours. The influence of the gas flow rate and the presence of water vapour on the photocatalytic process was investigated. CO2 and benzaldehyde were the toluene degradation products detected in the gas phase by using TiO2 Merck. In the presence of water vapour this catalyst exh…
Photocatalytic conversion of glucose in aqueous suspensions of heteropolyacid-TiO2 composites.
2015
Commercial and home prepared TiO2 samples were functionalized with a commercial Keggin heteropolyacid (HPA) H 3PW12O 40 (PW12) or with a hydrothermally home prepared K 7PW11O 39 salt (PW11). All the materials were characterized by specific surface area measurements (BET), XRD analyses, Raman, DRS along with SEM observations and they have been used for glucose photocatalytic conversion in an aqueous suspension. Different reaction extents and distribution of intermediate oxidation products were observed depending on the photocatalyst. Gluconic acid, arabinose, erythrose and formic acid were observed as oxidation products when bare TiO2 or HPA/TiO2 composite materials were used. Glucose isomer…