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Geometric and morphologic evolution of normal fault planes and traces from 2D to 4D data
2003
Abstract The detailed 3D geometry of normal fault planes is described and analysed using datasets from outcrop studies (2D), seismic surveys (3D) and analogue models (4D). Different geometric configurations of simple isolated normal faults are studied by reference to processes of normal fault propagation. When a normal fault propagates without interacting with other fault zones, the entire border of the principal plane displays characteristic connected secondary structures. These secondary structures cause bifurcations of the principal fault terminations. The along-strike terminations of the principal plane display typical bifurcation configurations (‘ear geometry‘). The orientation of the …
Precipitation and Temperature
2016
Climatological studies indicate that climate change lead to an increase in the mean global temperature of around 0.5 °C until the end of the twentieth century. This warming impacts the atmospheric humidity, wind, radiation, and precipitation. However, the magnitude of changes is not equally distributed over the globe but differs markedly with regions, making a regionalization of the global information essential. The GLOWA-Danube project follows such a downscaling approach with the focus on the drainage basin of the Upper Danube River.
Geology of the Bozdag area, central Menderes massif, SW Turkey: Pan-African basement and Alpine deformation
1998
The Menderes massif consists of a Precambrian Core Series that preserves evidence for a polymetamorphic history and a Paleozoic/Mesozoic Cover Series that experienced only the Alpine tectonometamorphic evolution. Structural, petrographic, and geochronologic investigations in the central Menderes massif demonstrate that (a) part of the metamorphic and structural evolution of the Precambrian basement is older than the undeformed 551+/-1.4-Ma-old Birgi metagranite, and (b) inferred Alpine fabrics overprinting the Cover Series largely have the same attitudes as the old structures in the much older Core Series. The inferred Alpine fabrics include both contractional and extensional structures. Co…
Structural and thermal history of poly-orogenic basement: U-Pb geochronology of granitoid rocks in the southern Menderes Massif, Western Turkey
2004
Ion microprobe U-Pb dating of granitoid rocks from key structural outcrops of the Menderes Massif in western Turkey provides an important constraint to the thermal and deformational history of a structurally complex metamorphic belt within the Alpine chain. Crystallization ages of two granite protoliths, derived from the weighted means of rim ages and the ages of homogeneous prismatic zircon grains, are 541 +/- 14 Ma and 566 +/- 9 Ma, whereas the cores of zoned pyramidal and short-prismatic zircon grains range from Palaeoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic in age. These ages indicate that amphibolite- to gramilite-facies metamorphic rocks in much of the Menderes Massif were deformed, metamorphose…
Structures along the Orobic thrust, Central Orobic Alps, Italy
1997
A series of regional deformation phases is described for the metamorphic basement and the Permian cover in an area in the central Orobic Alps, northern Italy. In the basement deformation under low-grade amphibolite metamorphic conditions is followed by a second phase during retrograde greenschist conditions. These two phases predate the deposition of the Permian cover and are of probable Variscan age. An extensional basin formed on the eroded basement during the Late Carboniferous, filled with fan conglomerates and sandstones, and rhyolitic volcanic rocks. Well-preserved brittle extensional faults bound these basins. Further extension deformed basement and cover before the onset of Alpine c…
Aspects of the kinematic history and mechanisms of superposition of the proterozoic mobile belts of eastern Central Africa (northern Malawi and south…
1993
Abstract Commonly the Proterozoic tectonic evolution of the Central African basement is subdivided into three major events: (1) the Ubendian (∼2300−1800 Ma), (2) the Irumide (∼1350−950 Ma), and (3) the Pan-African (∼900−450 Ma) orogenic cycles. Relics of the Ubendian event are granite intrusions and, possibly, an amphibolite- to granulite-facies metamorphism. The Ubendian orogeny was followed by deposition of clastic sediments (Muva supergroup). In northern Malawi these sediments and the underlying basement were then thrust to the east-southeast/southeast during the Irumide orogeny. Horizontal shearing along subvertical zones (i.e. the Ubendian belt) was associated with subhorizontal crusta…
The Coastal Sulfuric Acid Cave System of Santa Cesarea Terme (Southern Italy)
2017
Santa Cesarea Terme in Salento is the only area in which hypogenic caves have been recognized in the Apulia region. In this spa area, the rising of sulfidic thermal waters that mix with both recent fresh infiltration waters and coastal salt water has formed four active sulfuric acid speleogenesis (SAS) caves. These caves are characterized by the typical set of sulfuric acid meso- and micromorphologies, and also by the presence of both gypsum and native sulfur. In all caves, biofilms are visible in the sulfidic thermal waters and on the cave walls.
Grasslands and Shrublands of Kazakhstan and Middle Asia
2020
Abstract Kazakhstan and Middle Asia comprise 4 million km2 of plains, uplands and tall mountain ranges in the core of the Eurasian continent. The region's semi-arid climate, grazing pressure by wild and domestic ungulates, and long pastoral tradition, have given rise to a variety of open habitat types and a distinct flora and fauna. Grasslands and shrublands are a natural and dominant vegetation type in the forest-steppe and steppe zone of northern and central Kazakhstan, as part of the Eurasian grassland biome. In Middle Asia, grasslands and shrublands are widespread habitat types in the Tian Shan, Pamir-Alai and Pamir—mountain systems that have been recently acknowledged as a global biodi…
Global distribution of Fabaeformiscandona subacuta: an exotic invasive Ostracoda on the Iberian Peninsula?
2012
Although exotic species of Ostracoda have been recorded from various sites in Europe, none of them have a widespread European distribution. Reviews of existing literature, examination of specimens, and sampling in Spain and Japan has greatly expanded the known distribution of the candonid ostracode Fabaeformiscandona subacuta (Yang, 1982). We herein present new reports of its presence in mainland eastern Asia, Australia, and South America, and we review its distribution on the Iberian Peninsula. Although this species is globally widespread, we hypothesize that it is an invasive species on the Iberian Peninsula in light of the following facts: it is not known from other European countries, i…
Are wide but selectively logged buffer strips better than narrow ones?
2020
The microclimate of streamside habitats are protected from the effects of logging with buffer strips of retained trees. However, these buffer strips are often narrow due to their financial loss. Wi...