Search results for "Causatio"
showing 10 items of 68 documents
Causalità e responsabilità contrattuale (tenzone tra un giudice e un professore). Parte I: La causalità generale
2022
Il saggio si articola in due parti. Nella prima vengono affrontate le due fasi del giudizio sulla causalità materiale, soffermandosi, in particolare, sul nodo dell'individuazione delle regole di causalità generale, sul problema sistematico dell'unitarietà o meno della nozione di causalità materiale, anche alla luce della portata degli art. 40 e 41 c.p., e sulla necessità di differenziare le regole probatorie della causalità materiale nel diritto civile rispetto a quelle operanti nel diritto penale. Nella seconda parte viene approfondito il tema controverso dell'autonomo rilievo o meno della causalità materiale nella responsabilità per inadempimento delle obbligazioni di facere professionale…
Causalità e responsabilità contrattuale (tenzone tra un giudice e un professore). Parte II: La causalità materiale e le obbligazioni di facere profes…
2022
Il saggio si articola in due parti. Nella prima vengono affrontate le due fasi del giudizio sulla causalità materiale, soffermandosi, in particolare, sul nodo dell'individuazione delle regole di causalità generale, sul problema sistematico dell'unitarietà o meno della nozione di causalità materiale, anche alla luce della portata degli art. 40 e 41 c.p., e sulla necessità di differenziare le regole probatorie della causalità materiale nel diritto civile rispetto a quelle operanti nel diritto penale. Nella seconda parte viene approfondito il tema controverso dell'autonomo rilievo o meno della causalità materiale nella responsabilità per inadempimento delle obbligazioni di facere professionale…
Prediction and Control: The Specific Role of Business Angels in the Investment Process
2019
International audience; Entrepreneurs and related investors (business angels and venture capitalists) rely on different types of rationalities. Extant research suggests that conflicts resulting from misunderstanding can emerge between entrepreneurs and investors when they adopt different rationalities but must switch those rationalities because of the maturity of their ventures and the degree of uncertainty they face. Relying on three in-depth case studies, this research contributes to both entrepreneurship and effectuation literature by emphasizing the specific role of business angels in helping entrepreneurs switch rationalities when necessary to attract funding resources from venture cap…
Costly punishment prevails in intergroup conflict.
2011
Understanding how societies resolve conflicts between individual and common interests remains one of the most fundamental issues across disciplines. The observation that humans readily incur costs to sanction uncooperative individuals without tangible individual benefits has attracted considerable attention as a proximate cause as to why cooperative behaviours might evolve. However, the proliferation of individually costly punishment has been difficult to explain. Several studies over the last decade employing experimental designs with isolated groups have found clear evidence that the costs of punishment often nullify the benefits of increased cooperation, rendering the strong human tenden…
Physical integration: A causal account for consciousness
2014
The issue of integration in neural networks is intimately connected with that of consciousness. In this paper, integration as an effective level of physical organization is contrasted with a methodological integrative approach. Understanding how consciousness arises out of neural processes requires a model of integration in just causal physical terms. Based on a set of feasible criteria (physical grounding, causal efficacy, no circularity and scaling), a causal account of physical integration for consciousness centered on joint causation is outlined.
The Counterfactual Reasoning and the Manipulative Account of Causality: the Origin of Causal Thinking from Free Will
2018
When can association graphs admit a causal interpretation?
1994
We discuss essentially linear structures which are adequately represented by association graphs called covariance graphs and concentration graphs. These do not explicitly indicate a process by which data could be generated in a stepwise fashion. Therefore, on their own, they do not suggest a causal interpretation. By contrast, each directed acyclic graph describes such a process and may offer a causal interpretation whenever this process is in agreement with substantive knowledge about causation among the variables under study. We derive conditions and procedures to decide for any given covariance graph or concentration graph whether all their pairwise independencies can be implied by some …
The creative class: do jobs follow people or do people follow jobs?
2017
Accepted manuscript version. Published version available in Regional Studies, DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2016.1254765 Regional adjustment models are applied to explore causal interaction between two types of people distinguished by educational attainment, and two types of jobs: creative class jobs and other jobs. Data used are for labour market regions in Finland, Norway and Sweden from the 2000s. Creative class jobs follow people with high educational attainment (one way causation), but creative class jobs also follow other jobs and vice versa (circular causation). The results suggest that stimulating creative class job growth could be accomplished through attracting people with higher educatio…
A free press is bad news for corruption
2003
Abstract This paper tests the proposition that a free press may be a powerful control on corruption. We find evidence of a significant relationship between more press freedom and less corruption in a large cross-section of countries. This result is robust to specification and sample and the relationship is not sensitive to the choice of a particular measure of corruption or of press freedom. Furthermore we present evidence which suggests that the direction of causation runs from higher press freedom to lower corruption.
Mother and offspring fitness in an insect with maternal care: phenotypic trade-offs between egg number, egg mass and egg care
2014
Background Oviparous females have three main options to increase their reproductive success: investing into egg number, egg mass and/or egg care. Although allocating resources to either of these three components is known to shape offspring number and size, potential trade-offs among them may have key impacts on maternal and offspring fitness. Here, we tested the occurrence of phenotypic trade-offs between egg number, egg mass and maternal expenditure on egg care in the European earwig, Forficula auricularia, an insect with pre- and post-hatching forms of maternal care. In particular, we used a series of laboratory observations and experiments to investigate whether these three components no…