Search results for "Cell Polarity"
showing 10 items of 65 documents
The Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (Irs1) in Intestinal Epithelial Differentiation and in Colorectal Cancer
2012
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with lifestyle factors that affect insulin/IGF signaling, of which the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a key transducer. We investigated expression, localization and pathologic correlations of IRS1 in cancer-uninvolved colonic epithelium, primary CRCs with paired liver metastases and in vitro polarizing Caco2 and HT29 cells. IRS1 mRNA and protein resulted higher, relative to paired mucosa, in adenomas of familial adenomatous polyposis patients and in CRCs that overexpressed c-MYC, ß-catenin, InsRß, and IGF1R. Analysis of IRS1 immunostaining in 24 cases of primary CRC with paired colonic epithelium and hepatic metastasis showed that staining inten…
Glutathione protects metastatic melanoma cells against oxidative stress in the murine hepatic microvasculature.
1998
Calcein-labeled B16 melanoma (B16M) cells were injected intraportally, and in vivo video microscopy was used to study the distribution and damage of cancer cells arrested in the liver microvasculature over a period of 4 hours. The contribution of glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant machinery to the possible oxidative stress-resistance mechanism of B16M cell was determined by in vitro incubation with the selective inhibitor of GSH synthesis L-buthionine (S,R)-sulphoximine (BSO) before B16M cell injection in untreated and 0.5-mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. In addition, untreated and LPS-treated isolated syngeneic hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSE) were used to determ…
M2 Polarized Macrophages and Giant Cells Contribute to Myofibrosis in Neuromuscular Sarcoidosis
2011
The etiopathogenesis of sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous disease, still remains obscure. A multitude of organs have been described to be affected in systemic sarcoidosis. Skeletal muscles may also be affected, leading to myalgia and weakness. A workup of the specific immune response with emphasis on the macrophage response is provided herein. Affected muscle tissue from seven patients with systemic sarcoidosis was analyzed and compared with that from seven patients with other myopathies containing macrophagocytic infiltration. Monocytes/macrophages and giant cells in granulomas of muscle tissue from patients with sarcoidosis show a status of alternative activation (M2) based on their e…
Apoptosis of male germ-line stem cells after laser ablation of their niche.
2007
AbstractMale germ-line stem cells (GSCs) and their niche-the apical cells or hub cells-display a unique feature at the apices of insect testicular follicles. In the locust, Locusta migratoria, the niche consists of only one large apical cell surrounded by about 60 GSCs. The apical cell can be readily identified in the intact follicle. Using laser ablation it is feasible to destroy the apical cell exclusively without injuring neighboring GSCs or any other cells. The most immediate effect on GSCs is the loss of their structural polarity. Beginning about 3 h after laser treatment chromatin starts to clump and condense in individual GSCs, and some show the first signs of cellular breakdown. The…
The role of macrophages polarization in predicting prognosis of radically resected gastric cancer patients
2013
Tumour-associated Macrophages (TAM) present two different polarizations: classical (M1) characterized by immunostimulation activity and tumour suppression; alternative (M2) characterized by tumour promotion and immune suppression. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the correlation between the two forms of TAM with survival time in radically resected gastric cancer patients. A total of 52 chemo- and radio- naive patients were included. Two slides were prepared for each patient and double-stained for CD68/NOS2 (M1) or CD68/CD163 (M2) and five representative high-power fields per slide were evaluated for TAM count. The median value of the two macrophage populations density and the media…
Netrins guide migration of distinct glial cells in the Drosophila embryo
2010
Development of the nervous system and establishment of complex neuronal networks require the concerted activity of different signalling events and guidance cues, which include Netrins and their receptors. In Drosophila, two Netrins are expressed during embryogenesis by cells of the ventral midline and serve as attractant or repellent cues for navigating axons. We asked whether glial cells, which are also motile, are guided by similar cues to axons, and analysed the influence of Netrins and their receptors on glial cell migration during embryonic development. We show that in Netrin mutants, two distinct populations of glial cells are affected: longitudinal glia (LG) fail to migrate medially …
Are dendrites in Drosophila homologous to vertebrate dendrites?
2005
AbstractDendrites represent arborising neurites in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, in vertebrates, dendrites develop on neuronal cell bodies, whereas in higher invertebrates, they arise from very different neuronal structures, the primary neurites, which also form the axons. Is this anatomical difference paralleled by principal developmental and/or physiological differences? We address this question by focussing on one cellular model, motorneurons of Drosophila and characterise the compartmentalisation of these cells. We find that motorneuronal dendrites of Drosophila share with typical vertebrate dendrites that they lack presynaptic but harbour postsynaptic proteins, display c…
Loss of Dishevelleds disrupts planar polarity in ependymal motile cilia and results in hydrocephalus.
2014
Defects in ependymal (E) cells, which line the ventricle and generate cerebrospinal fluid flow through ciliary beating, can cause hydrocephalus. Dishevelled genes (Dvls) are essential for Wnt signaling, and Dvl2 has been shown to localize to the rootlet of motile cilia. Using the hGFAP-Cre;Dvl1(-/-);2(flox/flox);3(+/-) mouse, we show that compound genetic ablation of Dvls causes hydrocephalus. In hGFAP-Cre;Dvl1(-/-);2(flox/flox);3(+/-) mutants, E cells differentiated normally, but the intracellular and intercellular rotational alignments of ependymal motile cilia were disrupted. As a consequence, the fluid flow generated by the hGFAP-Cre;Dvl1(-/-);2(flox/flox);3(+/-) E cells was significant…
New neurons follow the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the adult brain
2006
Autores: Sawamoto, K. et al. .- PMID:16410488
Signals involved in the early TH1/TH2 polarization of an immune response depending on the type of antigen.
1999
Abstract Background: The early production of distinct cytokines by epidermal cells (ECs) in response to antigen exposure may govern the development of T H1 -like immune responses, such as contact sensitivity, or T H2 -like immune responses, such as IgE-dependent allergies of the immediate type, depending on the type of antigen. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the signals induced by protein allergens with those induced by haptens in ECs and subsequently in local draining lymph node cells (LNCs) or splenocytes. Methods: BALB/c mice were primed in vivo with the protein allergens ovalbumin or birch pollen or the haptens 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene or trinitrochlorbenzene, respectiv…