Search results for "Cell adhesion molecule"

Sodium/hydrogen exchange inhibition with cariporide reduces leukocyte adhesion via P-selectin suppression during inflammation

2008

Background and purpose: The Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) inhibitor cariporide is known to ameliorate ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reduction of cytosolic Ca2+ overload. Leukocyte activation and infiltration also mediates I/R injury but whether cariporide reduces I/R injury by affecting leukocyte activation is unknown. We studied the effect of cariporide on thrombin and I/R induced leukocyte activation and infiltration models and examined P-selectin expression as a potential mechanism for any identified effects. Experimental approach: An in vivo rat mesenteric microcirculation microscopy model was used with stimulation by thrombin (0.5 μ ml−1) superfusion or ischaemia (by haemorrhagic shock…

Rolipram inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell interactionsin vivothrough P- and E-selectin downregulation

2002

1. Rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 4 inhibitor, was used to characterize leukocyte recruitment mechanisms in models of acute and subacute inflammation. Intravital microscopy within the rat mesenteric microcirculation was employed. 2. Mesentery superfusion with PAF (0.1 microM) induced a significant increase in leukocyte rolling flux, adhesion and emigration at 60 min. Rolipram pretreatment, markedly inhibited these parameters by 100, 95 and 95% respectively. 3. Similar effects were observed when the mesentery was superfused with LPS (1 microg ml(-1)) for the same time period and these leukocyte parameters were nearly abrogated by rolipram pretreatment. 4. LPS exposure of …

Erythromycin exertsin vivoanti-inflammatory activity downregulating cell adhesion molecule expression

2005

1. Macrolides have long been used as anti-bacterial agents; however, there is some evidence that may exert anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, erythromycin was used to characterize the mechanisms involved in their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. 2. Erythromycin pretreatment (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 1 week) reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS; intratracheal, 0.4 mg kg(-1))-induced increase in neutrophil count and elastase activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity, but failed to decrease tumor necrosis factor-alpha and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 augmented levels in BALF. Erythromycin pretreatment also prevented lung P-selectin,…

Cyclic AMP elevating agents and nitric oxide modulate angiotensin II-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactionsin vivo

2001

Angiotensin (Ang-II) is a key molecule in the development of cardiac ischaemic disorders and displays proinflammatory activity in vivo. Since intracellular cyclic nucleotides elevating agents have proved to be effective modulators of leukocyte recruitment, we have evaluated their effect on Ang-II-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vivo using intravital microscopy within the rat mesenteric microcirculation. Pretreatment with iloprost significantly inhibited (1 nM) Ang-II-induced increase in leukocyte rolling flux, adhesion and emigration at 60 min by 96, 92 and 90% respectively, and returned leukocyte rolling velocity to basal levels. Pretreatment with salbutamol or co-superf…

Differential gene expression in p53-mediated G(1) arrest of human fibroblasts after gamma-irradiation or N-phosphoacetyl-L-aspartate treatment.

2000

In human fibroblasts, N:-phosphoacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA) and gamma-radiation induce reversible and irreversible p53-mediated G(1) cell cycle arrest, respectively. By coupling the premature chromosome condensation technique to fluorescence in situ hybridization, we found no evidence of DNA damage after PALA treatment. We used representational difference analysis (cDNA-RDA) to study changes in gene expression after PALA treatment and gamma-radiation in normal human fibroblasts. The mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) gene was expressed in PALA-treated cells. Ectopic MDGI expression arrested PALA-treated but not irradiated RKO cells. Expression of an antisense RNA against MDGI resulted in…

Review: How was metazoan threshold crossed? The hypothetical Urmetazoa.

2001

The origin of Metazoa remained — until recently — the most enigmatic of all phylogenetic problems. Sponges [Porifera] as ‘living fossils’, positioned at the base of multicellular animals, have been used to answer basic questions in metazoan evolution by molecular biological techniques. During the last few years, cDNAs/genes coding for informative proteins have been isolated and characterized from sponges, especially from the marine demosponges Suberites domuncula and Geodia cydonium. The analyses of their deduced amino acid sequences allowed a molecular biological resolution of the monophyly of Metazoa. Molecules of the extracellular matrix/basal lamina, with the integrin receptor, fibronec…

Differentiation-regulated loss of the polysialylated embryonic form and expression of the different polypeptides of the neural cell adhesion molecule…

1989

The expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) on cultured murine oligodendrocytes, their precursors, and myelin was examined by indirect immunofluorescence, biosynthetic radiolabeling followed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis, using antibodies specific for various forms of the molecule. In all culture systems studied, whether the oligodendrocytes were cultured as an enriched fraction containing precursor cells or in the presence of astrocytes and neurons, a similar differentiation-stage-related expression of N-CAM was seen. At early developmental stages many tetanus toxin receptor- and A2B5 antigen-positive putative oligodendrocyte precursors with bipolar morph…

Apoptosis causes lumen formation during angiogenesis in vitro.

2002

Morpholino knockdown of the ubiquitously expressed transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS4a in zebrafish embryos exhibits severe defects in organogenes…

2011

AbstractOver the past years the members of the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family have emerged as new players in mammalian biology. TMPRSS4 (transmembraneprotease/serine) is overexpressed in several human cancer tissues, promoting invasion, migration, and metastasis. However, the physiological function has not yet been elucidated. Here, we present morpholino knockdown studies targeting TMPRSS4a, a homolog of human TMPRSS4 in zebrafish embryos. By RT-PCR, we could demonstrate an expression of this protease already 5 h post-fertilization, suggesting important functions in the early stages of embryonic development. Indeed,in vivogene silencing caused severe defects in tissue d…

C7 is expressed on endothelial cells as a trap for the assembling terminal complement complex and may exert anti-inflammatory function.

2009

AbstractWe describe a novel localization of C7 as a membrane-bound molecule on endothelial cells (ECs). Data obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, and mass spectrometry revealed that membrane-associated C7 (mC7) was indistinguishable from soluble C7 and was associated with vimentin on the cell surface. mC7 interacted with the other late complement components to form membrane-bound TCC (mTCC). Unlike the soluble SC5b-9, mTCC failed to stimulate ECs to express adhesion molecules, to secrete IL-8, and to induce albumin leakage through a monolayer of ECs, and more importantly protected ECs from the proinf…