Search results for "Cell adhesion molecule"

In vitro differentiation of E-N-CAM expressing rat neural precursor cells isolated by FACS during prenatal development

1994

Most fetal rat brain cells expressing the embryonal, highly sialylated form of the cell adhesion molecule N-CAM (E-N-CAM) are precursor cells, as judged from the absence of marker molecules specific for mature neural cell types. However, the detection of E-N-CAM+ cells in frozen sections does not provide information on the lineage-specific differentiation of these cells during development. To investigate their differentiation behaviour in vitro, E-N-CAM+ cells were isolated at different times of brain development by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), using a monoclonal antibody (Mab RB21-7) which specifically recognizes polysialic acid (PSA) residues on E-N-CAM. Double-immunofluore…

Evolution of Cell Adhesion Systems: Evidence for Arg-Gly-Asp-Mediated Adhesion in the Protozoan Neoparamoeba aestuarina

1995

Developmental processes in multicellular organisms require structural elements, such as adhesion molecules, to stabilize cells at functional positions. In vertebrates, a series of extracellular matrix proteins, e.g. fibronectin and laminin, are involved in cell adhesion. These proteins contain Arg-Gly-Asp [RGD] at their binding sites. Here we show that at concentrations above 2 mM the peptide GRGDSPK, comprising the tripeptide RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp), prevents the adhesiveness of cells of the marine amoeba Neoparamoeba aestuarina. In addition, elevated levels of GRGDSPK cause cells to alter their shapes from those with digitiform subpseudopodia to rounded cells with small lobed pseudopodia. These…

Mechanisms of endothelial cell activation by endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol

2020

Abstract Background Endothelial dysfunction promotes atherogenesis, vascular inflammation, and thrombus formation. Reendothelialization after angioplasty is required in order to restore vascular function and to prevent stent thrombosis. The endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a known modulator of inflammation. Earlier studies have demonstrated the relevance of this endocannabinoid in human pathophysiology during coronary artery disease and in murine experimental atherogenesis. However, evidence on the impact of 2-AG on endothelial cell function remains scarce. Methods Endothelial repair was studied in two treatment groups of wildtype mice following electrical denudation o…

The Origin of Metazoan Complexity: Porifera as Integrated Animals

2011

SYNOPSIS. Sponges [Porifera] are the phylogenetically oldest metazoan phylum still extant today; they share the closest relationship with the hypothetical common metazoan ancestor, the Urmetazoa. During the past 8 years cDNAs coding for proteins involved in cell-cell- and cell-tissue interaction have been cloned from sponges, primarily from Suberites domuncula and Geodia cydonium and their functions have been studied in vivo as well as in vitro. Also, characteristic elements of the extracellular matrix have been identified and cloned. Those data confirmed that all metazoan phyla originate from one ancestor, the Urmetazoa. The existence of cell adhesion molecules allowed the emergence of a c…

Virulent and nonvirulent Flavobacterium columnare colony morphologies: characterization of chondroitin AC lyase activity and adhesion to polystyrene

2011

Aims:  Colony morphology variants of fish pathogenic Flavobacterium columnare were studied to clarify the role of colony morphology change in the virulence of the bacterium. Typical rhizoid colony (Rz) variants are virulent and moderately adherent, nonrhizoid rough (R) colony variants are nonvirulent and highly adherent, and soft colony (S) variants are nonvirulent and poorly adherent. Methods and Results:  Chondroitin AC lyase activity, adhesion to polystyrene at different temperatures and after modification of bacterial surface, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles of the variants were studied. The chondroitinase activity was significantly higher in the virulent, rhizoid variants than in…

Mildronate as a Regulator of Protein Expression in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2011

Background. Mildronate (3-[2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium] propionate dihydrate) traditionally is a well-known cardioprotective drug. However, our recent studies convincingly demonstrated its neuroprotective properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of mildronate on the expression of proteins that are involved in the differentiation and survival of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The following biomarkers were used: heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70, a molecular chaperone), glial cell line-derived nerve growth factor (GDNF, a growth factor promoting neuronal differentiation, regeneration, and survival), and neural cell …

Role of genetic polymorphisms in myocardial infarction at young age

2010

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young adult presents a typical pattern of risk factors, clinical, angiographic and prognostic characteristics. In the last years we demonstrated that hemorheological profile is altered in these patients in a persistent way and independently of the number of risk factors and of the extent of coronary lesions. Thus, the hyperviscosity syndrome following AMI could be considered an intrinsic characteristic of these patients. Consequently it is possible to hypothesise the presence of a genetic background at the origin of this predisposition. If this background is able to influence the risk of ischemic heart disease, this should be particularly evident in youn…

Effects of Parietaria judaica on human lung microvascular endothelial cells

2008

Sponge aggregation factor: identification of the specific collagen-binding site by means of a monoclonal antibody.

1988

The aggregation factor (AF) from the sponge Geodia cydonium is known to be a complex proteinaceous particle, composed of a series of different (glyco)proteins (Mr lower than 150,000) around a 90S sunburst-like core structure. One of the low-Mr proteins is the 47-KD cell binding fragment. We describe a new monoclonal antibody (mAb), III1E6, raised against purified AF particles, which recognizes in tissue slices structures present both on the plasma membrane and in a network-like manner in the extracellular space. By applying immunoelectron microscopical, immunoblotting, and immunoaffinity chromatographical techniques, the mAb III1E6 was shown to recognize the core structure of the AF partic…

Cell adhesion molecule in the hexactinellid Aphrocallistes vastus

1984

Abstract The Hexactinellida sponge Aphrocallistes vastus contains a soluble aggregation factor (AF) whose purification has been described in this communication. It is characterized by a S° 20.w value of 37 and a buoyant density of 1.45 g/cm 3 . The AF is a glycoporteinaceous particle composed of three major protein species; no core structure could be visualized. In the presence of Ca 2+ , the AF causes secondary aggregation of single cells. The aggregation process is temperature, pH, and ionic strength independent within a broad range. Evidence is presented indicating that two (or more) AF molecules are required for the establishment of a stable cell: cell interaction. In contrast to the AF…