Search results for "Cell transplantation"

A common precursor for glia and neurons in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila gives rise to segment-specific lineage variants

1993

ABSTRACT The nervous system consists of two classes of cells, neurons and glia, which differ in morphology and function. They derive from precursors located in the neurogenic region of the ectoderm. In this study, we present the complete embryonic lineage of a neuroectodermal precursor in Drosophila that gives rise to neurons as well as glia in the abdominal CNS. This lineage is conserved among different Drosophila species. We show that neuronal and glial cell types in this clone derive from one segregating precursor, previously described as NB1-1. Thus, in addition to neuroblasts and glioblasts, there exists a third class of CNS precursors in Drosophila, which we call neuroglioblasts. We f…

Commitment of CNS Progenitors Along the Dorsoventral Axis of Drosophila Neuroectoderm

1995

In the Drosophila embryo, the central nervous system (CNS) develops from a population of neural stem cells (neuroblasts) and midline progenitor cells. Here, the fate and extent of determination of CNS progenitors along the dorsoventral axis was assayed. Dorsal neuroectodermal cells transplanted into the ventral neuroectoderm or into the midline produced CNS lineages consistent with their new position. However, ventral neuroectodermal cells and midline cells transplanted to dorsal sites of the neuroectoderm migrated ventrally and produced CNS lineages consistent with their origin. Thus, inductive signals at the ventral midline and adjacent neuroectoderm may confer ventral identities to CNS p…

Differential effects of EGF receptor signalling on neuroblast lineages along the dorsoventral axis of the Drosophila CNS

1998

ABSTRACT The Drosophila ventral nerve cord derives from a stereotype population of about 30 neural stem cells, the neuroblasts, per hemineuromere. Previous experiments provided indications for inductive signals at ventral sites of the neuroectoderm that confer neuroblast identities. Using cell lineage analysis, molecular markers and cell transplantation, we show here that EGF receptor signalling plays an instructive role in CNS patterning and exerts differential effects on dorsoventral subpopulations of neuroblasts. The Drosophila EGF receptor (DER) is capable of cell autonomously specifiying medial and intermediate neuroblast cell fates. DER signalling appears to be most critical for prope…

Manufacturing, characterization and control of cell-based medicinal products: challenging paradigms toward commercial use

2015

During the past decade, a large number of cell-based medicinal products have been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases and tissue defects. However, licensed products and those approaching marketing authorization are still few. One major area of challenge is the manufacturing and quality development of these complex products, for which significant manipulation of cells might be required. While the paradigms of quality, safety and efficacy must apply also to these innovative products, their demonstration may be demanding. Demonstration of comparability between production processes and batches may be difficult for cell-based medicinal products. Thus, the development …

New emerging potentials for human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells: immunological features and hepatocyte-like differentiative capacity.

2010

In recent years, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been extensively studied. Their key characteristics of long-term self-renewal and a capacity to differentiate into diverse mature tissues favour their use in regenerative medicine applications. Stem cells can be found in embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues as well as in adult organs. Several reports indicate that cells of Wharton's jelly (WJ), the main component of umbilical cord extracellular matrix, are multipotent stem cells, expressing markers of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), and giving rise to different cellular types of both connective and nervous tissues. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC) express …

Alternative and complementary therapies in osteoarthritis and cartilage repair

2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint condition and, with a burgeoning ageing population, is due to increase in prevalence. Beyond conventional medical and surgical interventions, there are an increasing number of ‘alternative’ therapies. These alternative therapies may have a limited evidence base and, for this reason, are often only afforded brief reference (or completely excluded) from current OA guidelines. Thus, the aim of this review was to synthesize the current evidence regarding autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), vitamin D and other alternative therapies. The majority of studies were in knee OA or chond…

Complete Clinical Remission after High-Dose Immune Suppression and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Severe Crohn’s Disease Refra…

2004

Both mature KIR+ and immature KIR- NK cells control pediatric acute B-cell precursor leukemia in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid IL2rgtmWjl/Sz mice.

2014

Therapeutic natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated alloreactivity toward acute myeloid leukemia has largely been attributed to mismatches between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and their ligands, HLA class I molecules, on target cells. While adult acute B-cell precursor leukemia (BCP-ALL) appears to be resistant to NK-cell-mediated lysis, recent data indicate that pediatric BCP-ALL might yet be a target of NK cells. In this study, we demonstrate in a donor-patient-specific NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid) IL2rg(tmWjl)/Sz (NSG) xenotransplantation model that NK cells mediate considerable alloreactivity toward pediatric BCP-ALL in vivo. Notably, both adoptively transferred mature KIR(+)…

EVALUATION OF STABILITY AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES USED IN PANCREATIC ISLET TRANSPLANTATION

2009

In pancreatic islets purification, for cell therapy applications, the major enzymes used are obtained from Clostridium hystoliticum; class I and class II collagenases (Coll-G and Coll-H). In a well defined composition Coll-G/Coll-H together enzymes working on hydrophobic amminoacid, the neutral protease (Dispase) or the thermolysin (Thermostable Neutral Protease), are used in Langerhans islets purification. By electrophoresis and gelatin zymography approaches, in combination to densitometry quantitative valuation we have compared in composition, stability and autodigestion processes C. hystoliticum collagenases, Neutral protease and Thermolysin from two different producers, Roche and Serva.…

Human adult periodontal ligament-derived cells integrate and differentiate after implantation into the adult mammalian brain.

2013

Previous studies suggest that neural crest (NC)-derived stem cells may reside in NC derivatives including the human periodontal ligament (hPDL). The isolation and manipulation of autologous NC-derived cells could be an accessible source of adult neural stem cells for their use in cell replacement and gene transfer to the diseased central nervous system. In this study, we examined the expression of NC markers and neural differentiation potential of hPDL-derived cells both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro we found that hPDL-derived cells expressed stem cell markers (Oct3/4, Nestin, Sox2, and Musashi-1) and a subset of NC cell markers (Slug, p75(NTR), Twist, and Sox9). hPDL-derived cells differe…