Search results for "Cell type"
showing 10 items of 299 documents
Increased adhesion and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes to endothelial cells under heavy metal exposure in vitro.
1994
Heavy metals have been implicated in the mechanisms of endothelial damage. Influences of heavy metal ions on diverse cell types have been studied using a variety of in vitro and in vivo methods. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) have physiological and pathological functions, including the modulation of adhesion to and destruction of endothelial cells (ECs). PMNs were studied during interaction with human umbilical vein ECs under exposure to zinc, nickel and cobalt using an in vitro model. We studied adhesion processes with the help of a computer-controlled image-analyzing system and examined the activation of PMNs by quantification of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release. The biphas…
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
2007
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; also referred to as NOS3 or NOSIII), a low output enzyme is the prototypical isoform being found in endothelial cells. This isoform (like nNOS) synthesizes NO in a short-lasting, pulsatile, Ca++/calmodulin-activated manner. Endothelium-derived NO is a physiologically significant vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation and adhesion. In addition, vascular NO can prevent leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium by down-regulating the leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein complex CD11/CD18. Finally, endothelial NO has also been shown to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, endothelial NO is likely to represent a protecti…
Procedure to consistently obtain endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from umbilical cord vessels
2006
The prenatal history of an individual can be responsible to some extent for the occurrence of several diseases later in life. Thus, low birth weight has been related to an increased risk of developing hypertension or type 2 diabetes. The molecular and cellular basis of this increased risk could be found in body fluids and cell types that can be obtained just after birth. To get this unique information, a methodology was developed to consistently obtain cultures of 4 cell types, endothelial and smooth muscle cells from both the vein and the arteries present in the umbilical cord of an individual. From 21 umbilical cords processed, 82 of the 84 possible cell cultures were obtained. The cell c…
Oxysterols: Influence on plasma membrane rafts microdomains and development of ocular diseases
2015
Oxidation of cholesterol into oxysterols is a major way of elimination of cholesterol from the liver and extrahepatic tissues, including the brain and the retina. Oxysterols are involved in various cellular processes. Numerous links have been established between oxysterols and several disorders such as neurodegenerative pathologies, retinopathies and atherosclerosis. Different components of the lipid layer such as sphingolipids, sterols and proteins participate to membrane fluidity and forme lipid rafts microdomains. Few data are available on the links between lipids rafts and oxysterols. The purpose of this review is to suggest the potential role of lipid rafts microdomains in the developm…
L-asparaginase inhibits invasive and angiogenic activity and induces autophagy in ovarian cancer
2012
Recent work identified L-asparaginase (L-ASP) as a putative therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. We suggest that L-ASP, a dysregulator of glycosylation, would interrupt the local microenvironment, affecting the ovarian cancer cell-endothelial cell interaction and thus angiogenesis without cytotoxic effects. Ovarian cancer cell lines and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) were exposed to L-ASP at physiologically attainable concentrations and subjected to analyses of endothelial tube formation, invasion, adhesion and the assessment of sialylated proteins involved in matrix-associated and heterotypic cell adhesion. Marked reduction in HMVEC tube formation in vitro, HMVEC and ovari…
Culture medium induced vimentin reorganization associates with enhanced baculovirus-mediated gene delivery.
2009
Baculoviruses can express transgenes under mammalian promoters in a wide range of vertebrate cells. However, the success of transgene expression is dependent on both the appropriate cell type and culture conditions. We studied the mechanism behind the substantial effect of the cell culture medium on efficiency of the baculovirus transduction in different cell lines. We tested six cell culture mediums; the highest transduction efficiency was detected in the presence of RPMI 1640 medium. Vimentin, a major component of type III intermediate filaments, was reorganized in the optimized medium, which associated with enhanced nuclear entry of baculoviruses. Accordingly, the phosphorylation pattern…
The effect of cadmium on brain cells in culture
2009
Cadmium is a long-living heavy metal, abundantly present in the environment, which accumulates in the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of cadmium on the expression of molecular chaperones, and of certain cell-specific proteins, in a variety of brain cell types in culture, namely primary cultures of rat cortical neurons and astrocytes, a brain capillary endothelial cell line (RB4E.B cells), and pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), induced or not to differentiate by NGF treatment. The metal induces a dose-dependent increase of Hsp70 in all cell types. Responses to the metal are cell-specific in the case of Hsc70 and Hsp90: i) in astrocytes, as well as in PC12 cells, cadmium has no s…
Evolution of RNA virus in spatially structured heterogeneous environments
2003
A hallmark of the infectious cycle for many RNA viruses parasitizing multicellular hosts is the need to invade and successfully replicate in tissues that comprise a variety of cell types. Thus, multicellular hosts represent a heterogeneous environment to evolving viral populations. To understand viral adaptation to multicellular hosts, we took a double approach. First, we developed a mathematical model that served to make predictions concerning the dynamics of viral populations evolving in heterogeneous environments. Second, the predictions were tested by evolving vesicular stomatitis virus in vitro on a spatially structured environment formed by three different cell types. In the absence o…
Characterization of Endocytic Components of Liver Nonparenchymal Cells
1993
Liver is made up of at least five important cell types: hepatocytes, endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, pit cells, and fat-storing cells. These cells have been broadly classified into two groups: parenchymal cells, or the hepatocytes which comprise almost 65% of the liver cells (Miyai, 1979), and nonparenchymal cells, to which all the other cell types belong.
Human Endothelial and Osteoblast Co-cultures on 3D Biomaterials
2010
Increasingly, in vitro experiments are being used to evaluate the cell compatibility of novel biomaterials. Single cell cultures have been used to determine how well cells attach, grow, and exhibit characteristic functions on these materials and the outcome of such tests is generally accepted as an indicator of biocompatibility. However, organs and tissues are not made up of one cell type and the interaction of cells is known to be an essential factor for physiological cell function. To more accurately examine biomaterials for bone regeneration, we have developed methods to coculture osteoblasts, which are the primary cell type making up bone, and endothelial cells, which form the vasculatu…