Search results for "Cellular differentiation"
showing 10 items of 482 documents
Cloning of Several Genes Coding for Retinoic Acid Nuclear Receptors in the Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma Cell Line PCC7–MZ1
1993
Mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line PCC7-Mz1 can be induced by retinoic acid (RA) to differentiate into several well defined phenotypes of neuroectodermal origin (Lang, E. et al. (1989) J. Cell. Biol. 109, 2481-2493). Several subclones of the cell line (clonal variants) differ from each other in their developmental potential. To test whether these differences in cellular fate are due to somatic mutations in specific genes of these cells, we have cloned full length cDNAs coding for the alpha 1 and beta 2 isoforms, and partial length cDNAs coding for the alpha 2, beta 1 and beta 3 isoforms of the retinoic acid nuclear receptor (RAR). The cloned cDNAs did not differ in sequence from those of n…
Unjamming overcomes kinetic and proliferation arrest in terminally differentiated cells and promotes collective motility of carcinoma.
2019
During wound repair, branching morphogenesis and carcinoma dissemination, cellular rearrangements are fostered by a solid-to-liquid transition, known as unjamming. The biomolecular machinery behind unjamming and its pathophysiological relevance remain, however, unclear. Here, we study unjamming in a variety of normal and tumorigenic epithelial two-dimensional (2D) and 3D collectives. Biologically, the increased level of the small GTPase RAB5A sparks unjamming by promoting non-clathrin-dependent internalization of epidermal growth factor receptor that leads to hyperactivation of the kinase ERK1/2 and phosphorylation of the actin nucleator WAVE2. This cascade triggers collective motility effe…
In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells: Hematopoietic and Vascular Cell Types
2003
Publisher Summary Embryonic stem cells have been posited as sources of differentiated cell types for regenerative medicine. One of the most enticing cell types is the recently described endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) which can contribute to blood vessels and is a candidate for therapy against vascular diseases. This chapter describes an in vitro differentiation system, which results in the generation of endothelial, smooth muscle, and hematopoietic cells from ES cells. An ES-derived equivalent of the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) has been generated, a critical source of vascular and hematopoietic cells during embryonic development. This in vitro differentiation system is useful for the an…
High levels of the molecular chaperone Mdg1/ERdj4 reflect the activation state of endothelial cells
2003
Mdg1/ERdj4, a mammalian chaperone that belongs to the HSP40 protein family, has been reported to be located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is induced by ER stress, and protects ER stressed cells from apoptosis. Here we show that under normal physiological conditions, Mdg1/ERdj4 is expressed at various levels in the vasculature due to different activation states of the endothelium. To elucidate the stimuli that induce ER stress and thus upregulate Mdg1/ERdj4, we investigated the effect of several endothelium specific stressors on its expression. Mdg1/ERdj4 mRNA is induced by activated macrophages, by nitric oxide (NO) and heat shock, and during terminal cell differentiation, whereas shea…
AN IL-6/IL-6 SOLUBLE RECEPTOR (IL-6R) HYBRID PROTEIN (H-IL-6) INDUCES EPO-INDEPENDENT ERYTHROID DIFFERENTIATION IN HUMAN CD34+CELLS
2000
H-IL-6 is a hybrid protein constructed to contain IL-6 and its soluble receptor linked by a flexible peptide chain. Here we show that H-IL-6 strongly enhances proliferation of human CD34(+)cells in serum-free liquid culture, and that the majority of the cells generated belong to the erythroid lineage, being positive for the marker Glycophorin A. Conversely, H-IL-6 does not increase the number of myeloid, CD13-positive cells. Comparable effects are observed on progenitors from cord blood and adult peripheral blood. Therefore, H-IL-6 triggers an erythroid-inducing signal in haematopoietic progenitor cells, independently from erythropoietin (EPO).
Arsenic trioxide alters the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell into cardiomyocytes
2015
AbstractChronic arsenic exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular diseases. Arsenic increases myocardial infarction mortality in young adulthood, suggesting that exposure during foetal life correlates with cardiac alterations emerging later. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of arsenic trioxide (ATO) cardiomyocytes disruption during their differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells. Throughout 15 days of differentiation in the presence of ATO (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μM) we analysed: the expression of i) marker genes of mesoderm (day 4), myofibrillogenic commitment (day 7) and post-natal-like cardiomyocytes (day 15); ii) sarcomeric proteins and their orga…
Monitoring Human Neutrophil Differentiation by Digital Holographic Microscopy
2021
We report on the usefulness of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) for the assessment of human neutrophil differentiation from myeloid cells. The cell and nuclear regions have been designated by image segmentation of the optical phase function, and the changes of the cell nucleus morphology in relation to the whole cell morphology have been examined during the process of granulocytic differentiation into mature neutrophils in PLB-985 cell line. Nucleus phase volume and circularity and the ratios between the nucleus and the cell projected area and volume provide a reliable set of parameters to characterize the maturation process. As control, cell differentiation has been monitored in parall…
The “Janus” Role of C/EBPs Family Members in Cancer Progression
2020
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) constitute a family of transcription factors composed of six members that are critical for normal cellular differentiation in a variety of tissues. They promote the expression of genes through interaction with their promoters. Moreover, they have a key role in regulating cellular proliferation through interaction with cell cycle proteins. C/EBPs are considered to be tumor suppressor factors due to their ability to arrest cell growth (contributing to the terminal differentiation of several cell types) and for their role in cellular response to DNA damage, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and genotoxic agents. However, C/EBPs can elicit completely opposi…
PTHrP in differentiating human mesenchymal stem cells: Transcript isoform expression, promoter methylation, and protein accumulation
2013
Human PTHrP gene displays a complex organization with nine exons producing diverse mRNA variants due to alternative splicing at 5' and 3' ends and the existence of three different transcriptional promoters (P1, P2 and P3), two of which (P2 and P3) contain CpG islands. It is known that the expression of PTHrP isoforms may be differentially regulated in a developmental stage- and tissue-specific manner. To search for novel molecular markers of stemness/differentiation, here we have examined isoform expression in fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells both maintained in stem conditions and induced toward adipo- and osteogenesis. In addition, the expression of the splicing isoforms derived from P2 …
Expression of retinoic acid nuclear receptors in the mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line PCC7-Mz1
1992
Mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line PCC7-Mz1 can serve as a model of mammalian neural development [1989, J. Cell. Biol. 109, 2481-2493]. Upon exposure to all-trans retinoic acid (RA), Mz1 cells differentiate into a stable pattern of neurons, astroglia and fibroblasts whereas variants of the parental cell line either are restricted in their patterns of derivatives or do not respond at all to RA. Using gene probes specific for the alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta 2 isoforms of the retinoic acid nuclear receptor, we have studied by Northern blot analysis the expression of these transcription factors in uninduced and induced cells of clone Mz1 and in variants with different developmental potential. al…